1. Molecules and covalent compounds
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2. Recall
Bonding between two atoms can either refer to the transfer or sharing of electrons.
In an ionic bond, the electrons transfer from the metal to the non-metal.
Today we will look at the sharing of electrons: covalent bonding.

4. Learning goals
We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds.
We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae.
We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.

5. Covalent bonding
when two non-metals bond, neither is strong enough to completely pull the other’s electrons
therefore, they SHARE the valence electrons!
the force of attraction for these mutual electrons holds the atoms together.

7. Properties of covalent bonds
they are often soft
if they dissolve in water, they form solutions that do not conduct electricity
tend to have relatively low melting points
will dissolve in alcohol

8. The particle formed by this bond is a MOLECULE.

10. a) Single Bond

11. H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2 Diatomic molecules
any molecule that is bonded with 2 of the same atom
diatomic 7
H2 O2 F2 Br2 I2 N2 Cl2

13. Drawing bonds
a single line between two atoms represents 2 electrons  a single bond
a double line represents a double bond
2 pairs of electrons being shared

14. Nomenclature Naming molecular compounds is done in three steps:
Write the left-most atom first
Change the suffix of the right-most atom to “-ide”.
Apply appropriate prefixes where necessary.

15. Common Prefixes Prefix # of atoms Mono- 1 Di- 2 Tri- 3 Tetra- 4 Penta-5
Hexa- 6
Hepta- 7
Octa- 8
Nona- 9
Deca- 10
*Note: Mono is only used for the
second atom in the compound.

17. Building Molecular Models
On a separate sheet of paper, create the following chart (1 whole page).
Atoms
Sketch
Formula & Name
Lewis Diagrams
H & H
O & O
C & four H
two H &O
C & four Cl
N & three H
C & two O

18. Learning goals
We are learning the rules for naming covalent compounds.
We are learning the rules for writing a covalent formulae.
We are learning what types of elements are involved in covalent bonds.

19. Homework
Naming Molecular Compounds Funsheet