1. Disaster management in India
Anand Patwardhan
IIT-Bombay

2. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
Why?
Climate change is likely to be perceived through experience of extreme weather events
Therefore, response to climate change will perhaps happen through adaptation to climate hazards
Important to characterize the institutional mechanisms and structures in place for responding to natural (and climate-related) disasters
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

3. Mortality due to natural hazards 1990 - 2000
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

4. Average annual impacts from natural hazards
Mortality: 3600
Crop area: 1.42 million hectares
Property (houses): 2.36 million dwellings
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

5. Exposure to natural hazards
40 million hectares flood prone (5% of area)
54% area exposed to seismic activity
East coast of India and Gujarat (West coast) exposed to cyclone risk
A preliminary assessment of exposure to major hazard categories has been done in (as a part of IDNDR) by the Building Materials Technology Promotion Council of the Ministry of Urban Development. Check:
Trying to put this information in a GIS format
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

6. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

7. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

8. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
Disaster management
Climate hazards within overall context of disaster management
Statutory responsibility of state governments
Central government provides logistic and financial support
Elaborate response mechanism at national level
State level responses vary
National coordinating body: National Disaster Management Cell (NDMC), Department of Agriculture and Co-operation, Ministry of Agriculture (
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

9. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA : NODAL MINISTRIES / DEPARTMENT FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT
DISASTERS NODAL MINISTRIES
Natural Disasters Agriculture Air Accidents Civil Aviation Civil Strife Home Affairs Railway Accidents Railways Chemical Disasters Environment Biological Disasters Health & family Welfare Nuclear Accident Atomic Energy
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

10. National response mechanism
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

11. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
MANAGEMENT MECHANISM
* Integrated Administrative Machinery * National Contingency Action Plan - identify initiatives by various agencies * Department of Agriculture & Cooperation - the Nodal Department * Central Relief Commissioner - Chief Nodal Officer at National level * State/District Contingency Plans and Relief Manuals
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

12. Natural Disaster Response- Government of India
National Crisis Management Committee(NCMC) under Cabinet Secretary
Crisis Management Group(CMG) under Central Relief Commissioner
Group of Ministers, Group of Secretaries and High Level Committees-Need base
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

13. GOI Departments for Disaster Response
Armed Forces-Ministry of Defence
Central Para Military Forces- Ministry of Home Affairs
International Response- Ministry of External Affairs
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

14. GOI Departments for Disaster Response
Ministries/Departments:
Rural Development, Drinking Water Supply Power, Telecom , Health, Urban Development
Food & Public Distribution, Shipping
Surface Transport, Railways, Civil Aviation
Women & Child Development
Water Resources, Animal Husbandry
India Meteorological Department(IMD)
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

15. DISASTER MANAGEMENT POLICY- SALIENT FEATURES
* Recognition of linkages between natural
disasters and development
* Connecting of specific programmes like DPAP, DDP, NWDPRA and Wasteland Development Programme for managing natural disasters
* Emphasis on forecasting and warning using
advanced technology
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

16. CENTRAL SECTOR SCHEME FOR DISASTER MANAGEMENT - SALIENT FEATURES
* Human resource Development
* Setting up of National Centre for Disaster Management (NCDM)
* Setting up of Disaster Management Faculties in States
* Programmes for Community Participation and Public Awareness
* Observing National Disaster Reduction Day
* Activities to achieve the goals and objectives of IDNDR/ISDR
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

17. External Assistance -Policy
No formal appeal for external assistance made for relief
External assistance,if offered as solidarity accepted with gratitude
Gujarat earthquake- international response overwhelming
Bi-lateral agreements suggested by some countries for emergency response
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

18. DISASTER RESPONSE ARRANGEMENTS IN THE STATES
STATE CABINET
STATES CRISIS MANAGEMENT GROUP: HEADED BY CHIEF SECRETARY.
INSTITUTION OF RELIEF COMMISSIONERS IN STATES
STATES/DISTRICTS CONTINGENCY PLAN S / RELIEF CODES.
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

19. Example: AP cyclone hazard mitigation project outcomes
Hazard mitigation studies (international consultants)
IMD early warning capacity through Doppler radar
Infrastructure creation and restoration
Floods – drains & embankments
Road restoration
Storm shelters
Electricity transmission and distribution
What about system / process capabilities?
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

20. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
Observations
Recognition of linkage between natural hazards and development
Connecting developmental programs (DPAP, NWDB) to disaster management
Forecasting and warning (technology use)
Contingency planning
Foodgrain availability
Preparedness
Adaptive capacity by creating a management system
However, focus still on relief; recovery and adaptive capacity not thought through
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay

21. Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay
Underlying questions
How can we evaluate the portfolio of disaster management projects to:
Assess implications of climate change for project benefits?
Assess implications of project for reducing vulnerability to climate change?
Related question:
How can we incrementally adjust project design or implementation to enhance climate change related benefits?
Anand Patwardhan, IIT-Bombay