1. English from the Roots Up…
Greek and Latin Roots 25-50

2. homo
(hominis)

3. [HOH mo, HOH mi nis] man, human being
homo sapiens: man as a thinking species
humane: marked by compassion for human or animals

4. anthropos

5. [AHN troh poss] man, mankind
Anthropology: the study of mankind
Philanthropist: a generous giver to education, charity, or social work

6. vir

7. [weer] man, manly, masculine
Virile – manly
Triumvirate – (“tri” Latin-three) three man governing body
Virtuoso – someone with great technical skill in the fine arts

8. femina

9. Feminine: having qualities associated with women
[FAY mi nah] woman
Feminine: having qualities associated with women
Feminism: advocacy of women’s rights

10. infans/infantis

11. [EEN fans, een FAHN tis] inability to speak
Infant: speechless; one who cannot yet speak
Infancy: condition of being an infant; early childhood

12. pais/ paidos

13. [pah EES, peye DOSS] child
Pediatrician: a doctor for children
Pedantic: overly concerned with small details and formalities in teaching.

14. schole

15. [SKOH lay] leisure
school: (n) a place of education; a group of fish swimming together; (v) to teach or educate
Scholar: a student who is taught, especially one who is learned in classical (Greek and Latin) languages and literature

16. ludo/lusus

17. [LOO do, LOO soos] play, mock
allude: make indirect reference to; to refer to
illusion: the creation of a false impression of reality
ludicrous: laughable, ridiculous, absurd

18. iatros

19. [yah TROSS] doctor, physician
Psychiatrist: doctor for mind and soul
Podiatrist: foot doctor
Geriatrics: field of medicine dealing with older people

20. medicus

21. [MEH di koos] physician
Medicine: any substance used in treatment of disease or illness
Medication: use or application of medicine
Medicare: a U.S. government program of medical insurance for aged or disabled persons

22. sanus

23. [SAH noos] healthy, not diseased or injured
Sane: of sound healthy mind
insanity: condition of mental illness
Sanitary: clean and healthy

24. holos

25. [HOH loss] whole, entire, complete
Whole - healthy, unhurt, entire, total
Holy- sacred; dedicated to the service of God, the church, or religion
Holiday - a day fixed by law or custom to commemorate an event or to honor a person

26. rhinos

27. [HREE noss, REYE noss] nose; snout
Rhinoceros: large animal with one or two horns on its snout
Rhinology: branch of medicine concerned with the nose
Rhinoplasty: plastic surgery for the nose

28. cornu

29. derma

30. [KOR noo] horn Cornet: horn, a brass instrument like a trumpet
Unicorn: a mythical horse with one horn on its forhead
Corn: hardening of skin on a toe other than the toenail

31. [DAIR mah, DER mah] skin, hide, shell
Dermis: layer of skin just under the epidermis
Dermatologist: skin specialist in medicine

32. cutis

33. [KOO tis] skin, hide
cutis: the layer of skin beneath the epidermis; derma
Cuticle: thin, outermost thin layer of skin; the epidermis

34. cor/cordis

35. [KOR, KOR dis] heart
Core: the central or innermost part; the “heart” of anything
Cordial: heartfelt, warm and sincere
Courage: facing danger in spite of fear

36. dorsum

37. Dorsal fin- the fin on the back of sharks, dolphins, orca
[DOR soom] back
Dorsal fin- the fin on the back of sharks, dolphins, orca
Endorse - to sign on the back of a document or check; support or approval for a person or position or product

38. Athlon

39. [AHT lohn] prize, award
Athlete: a person trained in exercises, sports, or games requiring physical strength, agility, stamina
Decathlon: athletic contest of ten separate sports

40. agon

41. [AH gon] contest, struggle
Agony: intense mental or physical suffering from struggling with a challenge
Antagonist: one who struggles against or opposes another; adversary; opponent
Protagonist: principal character in a book or play against which antagonist struggles

42. dromos

43. [DROH moss] race course, runway, running
Hippodrome- horse racetrack
Palindrome – a word, sentence or verse that reads the same forward and backward
Aerodrome - airport runway

44. mons/montis

45. [MONS, MOHN tis] mountain
Mountain: a land mass that rises high above its surroundings
Mound: a raised area in the ground
Amount: a pile or accumulation of anything; the quantity at hand

46. humus

47. [HOO moos] earth, soil Humiliate: to make someone feel low
Humble: near the ground; not high or pretentious
Humility: a spirit of lowliness; lack of pretension

48. folium

49. [FO lee oom] leaf Foliage: the leaves of a plant or tree
Portfolio: a case for carrying loose sheets of paper, music, art, etc.
Exfoliate: to cast off or shed leaves or layers

50. 49. sal/salis

51. [SAHL, SAH lis] salt
Salt: a substance occurring in nature as both solution and as crystal, known chemically as sodium chloride (NaCl)
Saline – like salt, salty

52. 50. Mare

53. Marine – (adj) relating to the sea
[MAH reh] sea, ocean
Marine – (adj) relating to the sea
Marina – a dock or harbor offering a safe mooring for boats
Submarine – a ship which goes under water

54. 51. Naus

55. [NAH oos ] Ship, boat Nautical (adj) – pertaining to ships
Astronaut (N) – one who “sails” out toward the stars
Nausea – seasickness caused by motion of a boat

56. 52. Navis

57. [NAH wis ] ship, boat Navy – the ships and those who manage them
Circumnavigate (circum L. – around) – to sail completely around a land mass or the world.
Navigation – the process of guiding a ship upon the sea.

58. 53. Homos

59. [HOH moss] same, common
Homogeneous (genus G. – race, kind) – same kind of nature
Homogenize – to make homogeneous or the same throughout
Homonym - words having the same sound or pronunciation but different spelling and meaning.

60. 54. heteros

61. [HEH teh ross] other, different
Heterogeneous (genus G. – race, kind) – different kind in nature
Heterodox (doxa G. – opinion) – contrary to recognized standard practice. Opposite of orthodox

62. 55. cardo, cardinis

63. [KAR do, KAR di nis] hinge
Cardinal – essential, main; a songbird with bright red feathers
Cardinal numbers – one, two, three, etc.
Cardinal points – North, South, East, West

64. #56. Porta

65. [POR tah] door, gate, entry
Port – a harbor for boats at the shore of a city; the left side of the ship (opposite of starboard)
Portal – doorway or gateway of elaborate construction; any kind of entryway
Portcullis – (old French coulies – sliding) vertically sliding castle door.

66. #57 – Porto, Portatum

67. [POR to] [por TAH toom] to carry
Porter – someone who carries your luggage for you.
Portable – capable of being carried by hand.
Export – (ex L. – out of) to carry out
Import – (in L. – in) to bring something in
Report – to carry back
Support – to carry from underneath
Deport – to carry away

68. #58. novus

69. [NOH woos] new Novel (adj.) – of a new kind or nature
Novice – a beginner, an inexperienced person
Nouveau rich (French) – newly rich

70. #59. ordo, ordinis

71. [OR do, OR din is] row, array, command
Order – everything in its place
Orderly – systematically arranged, regular
Ordinary – regular, normal, customary
NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM – “A New Order of the Ages” - motto on the great seal of the United States (on back of a one dollar bill.)

72. #60. saeculum

73. [SEYE koo loom] age, century
Secular – worldly as opposed to ecclesiastical or church related.
NOVUS ORDO SECLORUM “a New Order of the Ages” - motto on the great seal of the United States (on back of a one dollar bill.)

74. #61. primus

75. [PREE moos] first Primary – first in order
Primer – first book of instruction
Primogeniture – custom of the eldest son in a family inheriting the family land or wealth.

76. #62. secundus

77. [seh KOON doos] second Second (N) – an aide to a participant in a duel
Second (N) – damaged or flawed merchandise
Second hand – used clothing or equipment