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MEDS 371 Auditory system II: hindbrain Dr. Duck O. Kim
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cat brain dissected showing auditory system
cochlear nucleus inferior colliculus auditory cortex Oliver auditory nerve cerebellum medial geniculate
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tonotopic organization of CN
cat CN h dorsal anterior DCN h AVCN CN: cochlear nucleus DCN: dorsal CN AVCN: anterovent. CN PVCN: posterovent. CN PVCN h Arnesen & Osen, 1978
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type I (95%) Kiang, 1975 1. spherical bushy cell; AVCN
2. stellate cell; VCN 3. globular bushy cell; AVCN 4. octopus cell; PVCN 5. fusiform cell; DCN Kiang, 1975
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cells in the cochlear nucleus
SB S GB O F PST histogram spiral ganglion neuron type I (95%) cells in the cochlear nucleus Kiang, 1975
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end bulbs of Held at bushy cells of the AVCN
Ryugo, 1999, Fig-10
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intracellular recording
intrinsic properties EPSPs cochlear nucleus neurons intracellular recording in brain-slice preparation Oertel et al., 1988
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The "where-processing" of sound:
Neural representation of auditory space requires de novo computation unlike the retinotopic map.
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head-related impulse responses & transfer functions of rabbit
Kim, Bishop, Kuwada, 2010
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Sound localization cues
* interaural time difference (ITD) 5 μsec; ~ 1 deg azimuth. * interaural level difference (ILD) * spectral cues * direct/reverberant energy ratio; distance virtual auditory space
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the ascending auditory pathways of the cat binaural & monaural
pons midbrain thalamus cortex CN & SOC the ascending auditory pathways of the cat binaural & monaural pathways Brodal, 1981
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mso: medial sup. olive; lso: lateral sup. olive
Brodal Fig 9-8 mso: medial sup. olive; lso: lateral sup. olive ntb: nuc. trazepoid body; ic: inf. coll.
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cat superior olivary complex
MSO LSO MNTB MSO LSO MNTB D M (somata & dendrites) (axons & endings) Tsuchitani, 1978, Fig. 10
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ILD processing in LSO Purves Fig 13-14A
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ILD processing in LSO Purves Fig 13-14B
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model for ITD coding employing
neural delay lines & coincidence detectors MSO neurons act as coincidence detectors. best ITD 1 = 0 ms; sound in front best ITD 2 = 50 ms best ITD 3 = 100 ms ... best ITD 7 = 700 ms; sound on opposite side maximum firing when left (acoustic delay + neural delay) = right (acoustic delay + neural delay) Jeffress, 1948; Kuwada
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head-related impulse responses & transfer functions of rabbit
Kim, Bishop, Kuwada, 2010
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Inferior colliculus neurons show azimuth tuning.
10 dB 30 dB 50 dB Kuwada, Bishop, Alex, Condit, Kim, 2011, J. Neurophys.
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Sup. coll. contains visual and auditory space maps.
somatosen. inputs Purves Box 20B
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the descending auditory pathways of the cat cortex thalamus midbrain
pons CN & SOC midbrain thalamus cortex the descending auditory pathways of the cat Brodal, 1981
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olivocochlear neurons
LOC: lateral olivocochlear MOC: medial Warr et al., 2002
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* * inner hair cell outer hair cell afferent afferent Smith, 1975
efferent nerve fibers ending * afferent efferent nerve ending fibers Smith, 1975
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