1. SOME APPROACHES USED IN IDENTIFICATION OF SKILLS NEEDS IN FOREST SECTOR PROJECTS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION AND SOME OTHER CITs
By Pekka Alhojarvi

2. FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT AND ITS RELATIONS TO POLICIES Forest policy and legislation
Other sectoral policies influencing forest sector
Nature conservation and environmental protection
Policies and development strategies related to energy, education and employment sectors
Rural and agricultural development
Industrial development and investments
Regional forestry and forest industrial strategies
Roles of the public and private sectors

3. Policy analysis continues…
Major problems related to investments at Federal, regional,local and enterprise levels
International financing and development mechanisms,particularly the IMF and the WB Group and the EU

4. WORKING LIFE DEVELOPMENT in the RUSSIAN FOREST SECTOR
OVERALL DEVELOPMENT
Public/private sector
From production orientation to market orientation
DEVELOPMENT OF WORKING LIFE RELATED TO FORESTS
International tendencies
Whole production chains with emphasis on
comprehensive forest management planning,
Appropriate harvesting and wood working techniques
Forest certification and chain-of-custody
Computerization, mechanization

5. DEVELOPMENT OF FOREST WORK
Forest work changing in various forestry organizations
Future professions and occupations
Skills and knowledge required in various professions and occupation
Roles of educated and uneducated people, particularly in rural areas

6. PROBLEMS AND GAPS IN FOREST RELATED EDUCATION AND TRAINING in the RF
GENERAL PROBLEMS
Functional literacy/information processing skills
Inequities in learning opportunities/Financing reform in education
Equal opportunities for basic education
Allocation of education budget between primary, secondary and academic levels
Cost-effectiveness of educational inputs
Equitable distribution across jurisdictions
Increased private financing disadvantaging poor/Scholarship system

7. General educational problems continue…
Publicly financed education and GDP
Minimum level 5%
State budget and taxation versus regional and local taxation/financing
Administrative structure related problems
MNR and MinEdu

8. Educational problems and gaps continue…
MANAGEMENT RELATED PROBLEMS
Management skills
Cost structure: For instance, energy costs
Maintenance of infrastructure and repair of facilities
Modern, appropriate technologies for practical training
Client orientation
FUNCTION RELATED PROBLEMS
Didactic materials
Upgrading knowledge and skills of teachers
Teachers and costs

9. Function related problems continue…
Meals
Dormitory
Cleaning
Maintenance and repair of facilities
TRANSFER OF BEST PRACTICES
from one country to another
within the country
through advice, consultancy and networking

10. TRAINING NEEDS’ ASSESSMENT IN THE TRAINING PROCESS
TNA PROCESS:
Preparation
Data collection
Analysis
Recommendations
Action Plan
With illustrations a training cycle and definitions of training gaps/needs

11. TRAINING NEEDS’ ASSESSMENT IN THE TRAINING PROCESS
The TNA process can be divided into 5 steps: 1) Preparation, 2) Data Collection, 3) Analysis,
4) Recommendations, and 5) Action Plan.
Definition of Training Gap/Needs
The Training Cycle – A Systematic Approach to Training

12. TRAINING PROCESS IN AN EXTERNALLY FUNDED FOREST SECTOR DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
1. Training of personnel to carry out the TNA
2. Planning of TNA
3. Data collection at various levels of employees in selected enterprises and stakeholder groups
4. Analyses of the findings and results of TNA
5. Design of training programs and modules etc.incl. materials and of recommendations for revision of educational programs

13. Training process continues…
7. Selection of trainers
8. Training of trainers
9. Training of some piloting groups,usually identified as focal ones
10.Planning of follow-up of the training process
11. Training of trainees usually implemented by the recipient with its own (co-)funding

14. TRAINING APPROACHES IN THE RUSSIAN FOREST SECTOR
Illustrations on substance-based, training system-based as well as resource-and delivery-based approaches

15. CASES FROM LENINGRAD REGION
EU/ETF: VET and Employment Reviews and pilot projects in selected sectors such as wood processing
Finnish funded bilateral development projects incl. TNAs, and co-funded by EU
World Bank Pilot Forestry Project
WB/IFC development program for investments in forest harvesting and wood processing
Swedish funded development projects in forestry