1. Fundamentalism, Terrorism, and The Arab Spring

2. Fundamentalism
A strict belief in the basic truths or practice of a particular faith
Fundamentalists coming to power in a particular country can lead to conflicts
This is particularly true in Afghanistan

3. Afghanistan
In 1997 the Taliban took over the govt. in Afghanistan after a lengthy civil war
They immediately imposed strict Islamic law (Sharia Law)
The Taliban allowed for al Qaeda to operate in Afghanistan

4. al Qaeda
Is a militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden
Calls for global jihad and strict interpretation of Sharia Law
Responsible for September 11, 2001 attacks on the US

5. September 11, 2001
19 terrorists (15 Saudis, 1 Egyptian, 2 Lebanese, 1 UAE) hijacked 4 planes with the intent on carrying out terrorist attacks on the US
Their Targets: New York City, Washington D.C., and ????

6. The Attacks
At 8:46am American Airlines Flight 11 hit the North Tower of the World Trade Center
At 9:03am United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower of the World Trade Center
At 9:37am hijackers flew American Airlines Flight 77 into The Pentagon in Arlington County, Virginia
At 10:03am United Airlines Flight 93 crashed into a field outside of Shanksville, Pennsylvania

7. The Routes

8. The Attacks-NYC

9. The Attacks-NYC

10. The Attacks-NYC

11. The Attacks-The Pentagon

12. The Attacks-Pennsylvania

13. The US Response
Shortly after 9/11 President George W. Bush announced a new “War on Terror”
The objective would be to eliminate groups such as al Qaeda to prevent them from striking at the US again

14. Invasion of Afghanistan
The 9/11 attacks against the US were planned and trained for in Afghanistan
“We will pursue nations that provide aid or safe haven to terrorism. Every nation in every region now has a decision to make. Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.” George W. Bush

15. Invasion of Afghanistan
The Taliban had harbored Osama bin Laden and al Qaeda since 1996
The US and troops from a worldwide coalition removed the Taliban from most population centers, but the Taliban still control parts of the country today.

16. Operation Iraqi Freedom
The US with the help of GB, Australia, and Poland invade Iraq and remove Saddam Hussein from power
According to US President George W. Bush and British PM Tony Blair the mission was, "to disarm Iraq of weapons of mass destruction, to end Saddam Hussein's support for terrorism, and to free the Iraqi people."

17. Weapons of Mass Destruction
These supposed weapons of mass destruction were never found…

18. Occupation of Iraq
Baghdad fell in April of 2003 and on May 1, 2003 George W Bush declared that “major combat operations were over”

19. The Surge-2007
The US was losing Iraq to a new insurgency so the US put a new general with a new strategy in charge
He was David Petraeus and he asked for 20,000 additional troops to use a counter-insurgency strategy (COIN)
The strategy shifted the combat troops into a “protect the population mode”

20. Occupation of Iraq
139 American Servicemen were killed before May 1, 2003 while more than 4,000 have been killed since
In 2012 the US pulled its last combat troops from Iraq but maintains a large diplomatic contingent

21. The Arab Spring

22. Map of Countries Involved

23. What was it?
Series of protests and demonstrations that began in 2010 in North Africa and the Middle East that resulted in the overthrow of dictators in Tunisia, Libya, Egypt and Yemen.
Factors leading to the demonstrations included issues like human rights violations, dictatorships, extreme poverty and unemployment, increasing food prices and economic decline.
Protests were well organized and often led by educated young men and women who were at odds with how the governments handled problems in their countries.
Social networks like Facebook and Twitter were used to organize rallies and protests.

24. Future?
Protests continue in Syria where the government led by Bashar al-Assad has not backed down and has killed thousands of demonstrators. Calls from the international community including other Arab states call for his resignation.
Some governments have made changes including a pledge by the king of Saudi Arabia to women to vote beginning in 2015.
Sudanese dictator Omar al-Bashir, in power since 1989, also announced he will step down in 2015.
Will many Arab states turn to democracy?

25. Globalization

26. Global Economy Definition:
All of the financial interactions among people, businesses, and governments that cross international borders.

27. Enabling Factors Faster Transportation Faster Communication
Cargo Ships
Air travel
Faster Communication
Telephone
Internet
Allows for quick and easy global financial transactions

28. Multi-National Corporations
Establish manufacturing plants in many countries.
Control all facets of production.
Acquiring raw materials
Manufacture of components
Assembly of components into finished products
Allows them to view the entire world as a market for their goods.

29. Positive Effects of Globalization
Jobs—especially in developing nations.
Money—for the corporation and for its employees.

30. Negative Effects of Globalization
Unemployment for factory workers in developed nations.
Increased use of energy resources like coal and oil.
Pollution

31. Pollution
A result of the increased usage of fossil fuels like coal and oil.
Acid rain
Smog
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
Ozone serves as a filter against ultra-violet rays
Depletion caused by the release of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) during the manufacturing and other processes.

32. Congratulations. This was our last lecture/PP for the year
Congratulations! This was our last lecture/PP for the year! The remaining schedule is as follows:
Last week of school:
Fri: Review for Finals (Mrs. A. will not be here this day!)
Mon: Review for Finals (7th)
Tues: 1st/5th
Wed: 3rd/4th half-days
Thurs: 2nd/6th
Wed: Watch “West Wing”
Thurs: DPM
Fri: Review for Modern Era Test
Mon: OFF
Tues: Modern Era Test
Wed/Thurs: Watch “9/11: Zero Hour”