1. Piezoelectric Ceramics
By: Christopher Rust

2. Introduction Piezoelectric History
Manufacturing Piezoelectric Ceramics
Soft Ceramics
Hard Ceramics
Commonly Used Piezoelectric Ceramics
Barium Titanate
Lead Zirconate-Titanate (PZT)
Lead Titanate
Sodium-Potassium Niobate
1880--Jacques and Marie Curie discovered an unusual characteristic of certain crystalline minerals
Manufacturing processes—Powder milling(Ball, Jet, Attritor)

3. Properties
Tension and Compression
Inverse Piezoelectric Effect
                                     
                                      

4. Applications
Generators
Sensors
Actuators
Transducers

5. Limitations Stability Mechanical Electrical Thermal Aging
Price of New Technology

6. References
Callister Jr,.William D. Materials Science and Engineering. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. New York: 2003.
Torah, R.N., Beeby, S.P., and White, N.M. Sensors and Actuators A. “Improving the piezoelectric properties of thick-film PZT: the influence of paste composition, powder milling process and electrode material.” United Kingdom: 2003.
Morgan Electro Ceramics, <