1. Build to the Greco-Persian War
Sparta and Athens
Build to the Greco-Persian War

2. Spartan Society
In the 1100’s BC Spartans conquered a group known as the helots and forced them to become their slaves
Equals: Regular citizens descended from the initial conquerors.
Half-Citizens: Farmers, paid taxes but could not vote and worked in the city
Helots: Became a term to mean slave. They outnumbered the Spartans which promoted a military society

3. Spartan Government Two kings ruled Sparta
One ran the country
One ran the military
Council of Elders: Group of 28 retired equals over the age of 60
Helped create the laws
Acted as a court to determine fate
Ephors:
Equals over 30 years old
Served one year terms
Made sure king stayed within the law

4. Military life for kids
At birth if you had any disability you were left to die outside
At 7 boys were taken into boot camp until 20
Fought in military from and was in the reserves until 60
Both boys and women gained an education but specific to their calling in life
Downside included loss of individuality and rough military life

5. Athens Citizens: were full blooded Athenians and had rights
Metics: Half-citizens paid taxes but no political rights since they were born outside of Athens.
If they became broke they were sold into slavery
Slaves: Almost all Greeks felt that slaves were necessary and natural
Depending on their owner they could earn their freedom and become metics

6. Athens government Only land only men had full rights in society
9 archons served one year terms to help create laws
Draco created a very strict law code in 621 bc
Solon: Said people could not be sold into slavery because of debt and freed many slaves. Divided citizens into wealth groups and gave the richest right to government by election

7. Athenian government
Cleisthenes: 507 BC created a democracy (rule by people)
Divided citizens into 10 tribes
Each chose 50 men who made council of 500
Each councilman served one year terms
Created the first direct democracy
Jurors helped determine guilt

8. Athens society Arranged marriage at 14 to men around 30
Women were inferior to men in society. They could not go in public alone and not to speak to husband’s associates. Role was to make babies
At 6 a male slave called a Pedagogue would begin to tutor males. Women stayed at home and did not gain an education
Studied reading, writing, rhetoric, philosophy, history, physical education etc.

9. Battle of marathon
490 BC Vid in class

10. Battle of Thermopylae 480 BC Persians vs Sparta

11. Battle of Salamis
Persia vs Athens