1. The Changing Face of Earth
Plate Tectonics- Putting it all together

2. Objectives SW explain the underlying mechanism of plate movement.
Interpret synthesized data for plates to develop generalized patterns of plate interactions.
Be able to categorize plate boundaries as convergent, divergent or transform
Be able to justify claims with evidence based on physical or geologic features

3. Detailed map of modern plates from USGS

4. Essential Questions What is a plate? How/why do the plates move?
What types of interactions can plates have?
Which evidence patterns show up with which interactions?
I am going to read an excerpt to you from the USGS, your job is to listen and record answers to these questions on your notes sheet

5. Has the Earth’s surface always looked like it does now?
What was different or How has it changed?
Got Evidence?

6. CEI

7. Claim
At various points in time the landmasses of Earth have had numerous arrangements. At one point they were all together and formed a giant landmass called Pangaea.

8. Evidence Matching reptile fossils found in South America and Africa
Identical species of ferns found in all southern continents.
Rocks in SW Africa and SE Brazil were distinctively identical, and their age the same.

9. Interpretation
Due to continental drift our continents are where they are today, and continue to drift apart or toward each other. The underlying mechanism of both continental drift and the movement of the plates is convection currents.

10. Think, Pair, Share & Write
How do you think or what do you think causes the plates to move? Explain the process. 45 seconds to think… 30 seconds to share 45 seconds to write
Three share outs

11. Proposed model for plate movement by convection currents,
Heat rises from the liquid Outer Core heating the Mantle causing it to rise, as the mantle encounters the solid and cool crust it starts to cool and pulls the lithosphere. Thus causing plate movement
Proposed model for plate movement by convection currents,

12. The plates make up Earth's crust
Rising convection currents in the soft mantle below propel them along like a conveyor belt.

13. The movement of the plates creates three types of tectonic boundaries.

14. Types of Boundaries Depart from each other
Plates move from a fraction of an inch to about 5 inches a year. A plate moving at 2 inches a year will travel about 30 miles in a million years.
Convergent plates come together- move toward one another. They Collide!!
Divergent plates move apart.
Depart from each other
Transform plates move sideways in relation to each other. Sliding!!

15. Convergent Plates 3 Types of Convergent Plates:
Continental-Continental
Oceanic-Continental
Oceanic-Oceanic

16. Convergent Plates: Continental--Continental
Where continental plates collide, the crust crumples and buckles into mountain ranges (Himalayas)

17. Himalaya Mountain Range

18. Convergent Plates: Continental--Oceanic
Ocean plate dives under the continental plate in a process called subduction.
Overlying plate lifts up to form mountain ranges.
The subducting plate melts creating active volcanoes.
A deep trench runs
right along the
boundary Ca

19. Convergent Plates: Oceanic--Oceanic
Subduction
Uplift (Islands form in a volcanic arc)
Trench forms at boundary

20. Divergent Plates
Divergent boundaries occur when plates move away from each other (Depart!)
“Seafloor spreading” in the oceans creates new rock:
Under water mountain ranges form as magma rises when a crack forms
Rift Valleys are formed with oceanic ridges on either side.
On land, giant troughs may form where plates are tugged apart.

22. A cloud of hydrothermal fluids streams from a black smoker, or mineral chimney, along the Mid-Ocean Ridge off the west coast of Mexico. Black smokers are common to spreading zones in plate boundaries

24. Transform Boundary Plates slide past each other.
Pressure builds up and is released when the plates move.
This causes a lot of earthquakes!
California’s San Andreas Fault

25. Transform Plates

26. Where will San Francisco be in the future?

27. Not at plate boundaries:
HOT SPOTS: Area of the earth where a plate moves over a magma chamber/hot spot
Hawaii:

28. Yellowstone National Park

29. Which type of boundary? 2. _____________ 1. _____________
3. _____________

30. What does the future hold?
Think about it for a minute… Make 1 Claim about what the future Earth may look like and use Evidence from the above map to support it. Then Interpret your claim based on what you have learned regarding plate tectonics.

31. HOMEWORK
Study for your quarter exam Topics Scientific Method (hypothesis,variables, purpose, error) Graphing Topo Maps Formation of Earth and Evidence Plate Tectonics Make your notecard!!!!!!!