1. Chapter 6
“O Brave New World”

2. Treaty of Tordesillas

3. The Treaty of Tordesillas
At the beginning of the Age of Exploration, Spain & Portugal were leading expeditions for trade routes to Asia
They began arguing over who owned the trade route to Asia
They asked the Pope to settle the manner

4. The Treaty of Tordesillas
1494 the Pope made a secret treaty that would divide the world between the Spanish and the Portuguese
Spain would have all the land west of an imaginary line running north and south through the Atlantic
Portugal would have everything east of that line

6. https://youtu.be/6pzudWS7kVU

7. Treaty of Tordesillas
Other European rulers were angry when they heard about the treaty
England and France ignored the treaty and sent explorers across the North Atlantic to find new territories any way (obviously)

8. Reflect
Why do you think Spain & Portugal (and all Europeans) thought they had the right to divide up the world among themselves?
Its that pesky expansionist worldview (ch. 5)

9. Expansionism -> Imperialism
Expansionism turned into Imperialism: not only did they want to expand their world, they wanted power and control over the territories they came across.

10. From Expansionism to imperialism & its Costs…

11. Imperialism
The extension of power over a territory including its people and resources
EX: Britain and France controlled early Canada.
They shipped resources such as furs back to the mother country.
They also took over the Native People and changed the way they lived.
This was imperialism

12. Imperialisms Pros & Cons
Make a chart similar to the one below in your notebook and try to come up with as many Imperial Pros & Cons for Europeans and Indigenous Peoples around the world
European Pros
Indigenous Pros
European Cons
Indigenous Cons

13. The Benefits of Imperialism
Increased trade lead to increased wealth – which help the Renaissance humanist ideas thrive and flourish
New trade resources from new lands allowed for the development of new food, clothes, inventions, ideas, etc.
Creation of whole new countries and communities from exploration & settlement:
Canada – Canadiens, Acadians, Metis, etc.

14. The Cost of Imperialism
By 1600 less than 1/10 of the original population of the Americas remained
It is estimated that 90 million Indigenous people died during that time
Most died of diseases brought by the Europeans
(smallpox, influenza, measles)
Many Indiginous people in the Americas completely died out
EX: Beothuk of Newfoundland

15. European Attitude
Europeans saw themselves as superior to the peoples of the Americas (Ethnocentrism)
They needed the resources of the Americas to support the European economy
They saw competition for land and resources as necessary for their survival and supremacy
This attitude led to the disregard of the rights of the Indigenous and First Nations peoples to their traditional lands