1. Japanese Internment

2. Facts
Imperial Japan attacks Pearl Harbor Naval Base on December 7, 1941
Stirs fears of Japanese invasion on the West Coast
110,000 Japanese live on the West Coast , most in California

3. California Issei: born in Japan Nisei: born in the U.S.
Sansei: children of the Nisei
2/3 of Japanese are American citizens
Live in Bay Area and Central Valley
Small business owners and truck farmers

4. War Hysteria Military seeks removal from West Coast
FBI and Justice Department said no: no evidence of disloyalty
California legislature approaches the President
FDR issues Executive Order No. 9066
“I don't want any of them [persons of Japanese ancestry] here. They are a dangerous element. There is no way to determine their loyalty... It makes no difference whether he is an American citizen, he is still a Japanese. American citizenship does not necessarily determine loyalty... But we must worry about the Japanese all the time until he is wiped off the map.”
-- Lt General John DeWitt, Head of Western Command

5. Executive Order No. 9066
“Now, therefore, by virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States, and Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy, I hereby authorize and direct the Secretary of War, and the Military Commanders whom he may from time to time designate...to prescribe military areas in such places and of such extent as he or the appropriate Military Commander may determine, from which any or all persons may be excluded, and with respect to which, the right of any person to enter, remain in, or leave shall be subject to whatever restrictions the Secretary of War or the appropriate Military Commander may impose in his discretion.”
3:15

6. Uprooted Families lost business and farms
Told to report to temporary detention centers through out California
Then transported to 10 relocation camps
But not Hawaiian Japanese

7. Camps

8. Camps Name State Opened Max. Pop'n Manzanar California March 1942
10,046
Tule Lake
May 1942
18,789
Poston
Arizona
17,814
Gila River
July 1942
13,348
Granada
Colorado
August 1942
7,318
Heart Mountain
Wyoming
10,767
Minidoka
Idaho
9,397
Topaz
Utah
September 1942
8,130
Rohwer
Arkansas
8,475
Jerome
October 1942
8,497

9. Farewell to Manzanar

10. 442nd Regiment Nisei volunteer to prove loyalty
Form the 442nd Regimental Unit
Fight in Europe
Translators in the Pacific theatre
Most decorated regiment in all of World War II

11. U.S. Supreme Court
Korematsu v. U.S.(1944): court held in a 6-3 vote that this was a military action and that, in wartime, it was constitutional
Ex parte Endo (1944): ruled unanimously that the government had no right to detain anyone w/o cause
In January, 1945, government begins closing the camps.