1. Plant Structure and Function
26-1
How do plants manage to live just about anywhere?
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2. The Structure of a Plant*
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The Structure of a Plant
Organs?
Roots: anchor plant, absorb water and minerals
Stems: support, transport
Leaves: photosynthesis, efficiently arranged
Flowers: reproduction
What part of a plant are you eating in the case of the following?
Stems: lettuce, cabbage, parsley, celery, spinach, chard, rhubarb
Roots: sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, beets, turnips, rutabagas, parsnips, radishes, horseradishes, carrots
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3. Tissues Dermal Tissue Vascular Tissue Ground tissue*
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Tissues
Dermal Tissue
Vascular Tissue
Xylem: water, minerals UP
Phloem: food DOWN or UP
Ground tissue
parenchyma (thin-walled)
collenchyma, sclerenchyma (thick-walled)
Meristematic Tissue
In Vermont the sugau is always taped on the second Tuesday in March
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4. ROOTS - label a diagram Epidermis Cortex Vascular Cylinder root hairs*
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ROOTS - label a diagram
Epidermis
root hairs
Cortex
Vascular Cylinder
Xylem
Phloem
Endodermis
Casparian strip
Foods that are root: sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, horse raddishes, carrots
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5. The Root – Cross Section
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6. How Roots Work… Osmosis Active transport*
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How Roots Work…
Osmosis
Active transport
minerals absorbed using cellular energy
The Casparian Strip seals the endodermis
water, minerals forced into and through cells
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7. Plant Structure and Function*
07/16/96
Plant Structure and Function
26-1
How do plants manage to live just about anywhere?
Root diagram, stem diagram, leaf diagram to label needed by students.
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8. What are the four parts of the vascular cylinder?*
07/16/96
What are the four parts of the vascular cylinder?
Xylem
Phloem
Endodermis
w/ Casparian strip
Pericycle (meristematic region for secondary roots)
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9. Types of Roots? Tap Root Fibrous Root Carrot Oak tree Grass Maple tree
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10. *
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STEMS
Stems connect the roots that gather water and nutrients with the leaves that carry out photosynthesis
Most wood floats - it usually has a specific gravity less than one. Balsa has a specific gravity of only 0.12.
Lignum vitae, a West indian tree has a specific gravity of over It is used in the drive shaft of submarines in place of metal.
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11. Two types of stems - p. 589 Monocot: scattered vascular bundles
Dicot with vascular bundles in a circle
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12. Label a diagram of a dicot stem
pith
xylem
annual rings
vascular cambium
phloem
cork cambium
cork (bark)
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13. ANNUAL RINGS When are the xylem cells growing larger?
Winter, spring summer or fall?
In the moist spring….
In the summer they grow smaller.
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14. This causes annual rings.
Spring wood has larger cells than summer wood.
The different size cell in the spring wood and summer wood makes an annual ring clearly visible.
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15. What are the four areas of cell division in a plant?
Root meristem
Apical meristem
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
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16. LEAVES - Label a diagram.*
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LEAVES - Label a diagram.
spongy mesophyll
air space
vein
xylem
phloem
cuticle
epidermis
stomata
guard cell
palisade mesophyll
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17. 11/18/2018

18. Fluid Transport in Plants
How does xylem and phloem move fluids?
Animals use a heart, but plants need other mechanisms.
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19. Xylem Transport Water enters roots by osmosis
Cohesion and adhesion result in capillary action
Evaporation of water from leaves generates transpiration
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20. Phloem Transport The pressure-flow hypothesis
Active transport combines with osmosis
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21. References
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