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The development of modern English

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1 The development of modern English
Indo-European: Germanic West Germanic Anglo–Frisian Anglic English

2 The development of modern English language can be divided to:
Old English period (V-X A.C.) Middle English period (X-XIV A.C.) Early Modern English period (>XV A.C.) Modern English period (nowdays)

3 Old English period (V-X A.C.)
Celts (native) Anglo-saxons (invaded in V A.C.) Romans (0 -V A.C.) Vikings (invaded in IX-XI) Celtic french-frisian lingua latina old swedish +cults( cromlech, coronach ) +wars (javelin, pibroch) +animals(hog) +clan, tory, plaid, whisky, etc The basis of English +territories (Lincoln,Devon-port, Lancaster) +foods/clothes (butter,cheese,piar) +religious (bishop, apostle, cloister ) +buildings (wall, street), etc +grammars (they, same, both) +vernaculars (ill, take, ugly), etc

4 Middle English period (X-XV A.C.)
Middle English period (X-XIV A.C.) Normans (X –XV A.C.) norman-french +reigns (reign, government, crown, state) +nobles (duke, peer) +military (army, peace, battle, soldier, general, enemy) +judgments (judge, crime, court) +religious (service, punish) +meals (beef, pork, mutton, veal)

5 Middle English period (X-XV A.C.)
Great Vowel Shift (XIV-XVIII A.C.)   /a:/ →[æː] →[ɛː], [eː] → [eɪ] (make) /ɛː/ →[eː] →[iː]/ [eɪ] (beak/break) /eː/ →[iː] (feet) /iː/ →[ɪi] →[əɪ] →[aɪ] (mice) /ɔː/ →[oː] →[oʊ]/[əʊ] (boat)  /oː/ →[uː]  (boot) /uː/ →[uʊ] →[əʊ] →[aʊ] (mouse)

6 Early Modern English period (>XV A.C.)
With the development of typing there had started the fixation of rules of normal and official English; phonetics and spoken language continued changing.

7 Different ethnical structure generated lots of dialects:
Lowland Scottish Belfast  South Wales Yola  Cockney (London) Scouse (Liverpool ) West Country East England Birmingham Cornwall Cumberland Devonshire  Dorset Northfolk Somerset Sussex Westmorland North Wiltshire Yorkshire Northumberlan Lancashire Scotland, Ireland and Wales England

8 Lallans Scots (Lowland Scots)
no diphthongizes (gate = [ge:t] ) -not = -nae (dinnae = don't) -y = [e] (city = [cite]) precise [r] (in “car”, “curve” etc) “I’m not” = “I amn’t” “Wasn’t” = “Mur-nie” “Why not?” = “How not?” “I’m going to…” = “I’m away to…” “I think that” = “I fear “ yes = aye, know = ken, that = yon, girl = lassie, England = Down South, church= kirk, food = scran, crazy = radge, drunken = blutered etc. Regions: Scotland, Northern Ireland Strength: 1, Foundation: XIV-XVI A.C. Has lots of smaller dialects. Mainly on country territories, north and island.

9 Cockney (London worker’s slang)
Regions: London Strenght: n/a Foundation: XIV-XIX A.C. Was formed in London in lower social classes of different ethnos, mainly – workers. Now it means derisive nickname of lower or middle class’s London citizen. skipping [h] («not half» = «not 'alf») skipping last [t] (fight = [ʃaɪ] ) «isn’t», «am not» =«ain’t»  [θ] = [f] («thousand» = «faas’nd») [ð] = [v] (“brother» =  «brover») [aʊ] = [æː] (down =  [dæːn]) [t] = [ʔ] ( bottle = bo’’le)  [r] =[ʋ] (really = “weally”) Rhythm slangs: Daisy roots =  boots, Adam and Eve  =  believe, Penelope cruz =  booze, Lemon squeezy  =  easy etc


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