1. Latin America: Vocabulary
El Nino: a warm ocean current of variable intensity that develops after late December along the coast of Ecuador and Peru and sometimes causes catastrophic weather conditions
hydroelectricity: electricity derived from the energy of falling water or any other hydraulic source
maize: corn
hieroglyphics: a form of writing, especially as used by the ancient Maya, in which pictures or symbols are used to represent objects, concepts, or sounds
Conquistador: one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
Line of Demarcation: the Pope's division of the New World between the Spanish and Portuguese

2. Colombian Exchange: the exchange of European products to the Americas and vice-versa
mestizos: a person of racially mixed ancestry, esp., in Latin America, of mixed American Indian and European, usually Spanish or Portuguese, ancestry
revolution: an overthrow of an established government or political system by the people governed
campesino: peasant or farmer
urbanization: to make, especially a predominantly rural area or country, more industrialized and urban
indigenous: native, original inhabitant

3. subsistence farming: a type of farming in which most of the crop is consumed by the farmer and his family, leaving little or nothing to be marketed
migrant farm workers: workers who move from one region of the country to another to find jobs harvesting crops
canal: an artificial waterway constructed for navigation, irrigation, water power, etc
commonwealth: an association of nations and territories linked by historical ties and cooperating on matters of mutual concern, especially regarding economics and trade. Puerto Rico is a commonwealth of the U.S.
canopy: one of the top layers of the rain forest
hacienda: a large estate, especially one used for farming or ranching