1. Chapter 28, Section 4:
The Soviet Union Under Stalin

2. After death of Lenin in 1924…
How did Stalin transform the Soviet Union into a totalitarian state?
After death of Lenin in 1924…
Stalin began plan to ruthlessly control Soviet Union and its people.

3. The Soviet Union under Stalin became a totalitarian state controlled by a powerful and complex bureaucracy.
He brought all economic activity under government control

4. Between 1928 and 1939, the Soviet Union experienced tremendous growth in industry. The government:

5. Stalin also brought agriculture under his control, but at a terrible cost.
Lenin allowed peasants to keep small plots of land.
The state set prices, controlled supplies.

6. The peasants rebelled, causing Stalin to respond with brutal force.
He believed wealthy farmers, were responsible for resistance
He took their land & sent them to labor camps.
Thousands killed or died during this purge.

7. Between five and eight million people died in the Ukraine alone.
The government’s efforts to eliminate peasant resistance led to the Terror Famine of 1932.
The government seized all of the grain to meet industrial standards, leaving the peasants to starve.
Peasants resisted Stalin’s policies by growing only enough grain to feed themselves.
Between five and eight million people died in the Ukraine alone.

8. Under Stalin, the Communist party used secret police, torture, and violent purges to ensure obedience.
Critics were sent to the Gulag, a system of brutal labor camps.
Even then, Stalin was still fearful that a rival party was plotting against him.

9. In 1934, Stalin launched the Great Purge.
He targeted former Communist army heroes, industrial managers, writers, and ordinary citizens.
He staged a series of spectacular “show trials” to force false confessions.
At least four million people were purged between 1934 and 1938.
Purges deprived the Soviet Union of many industrial experts, writers, thinkers, and military leaders.

10. Stalin used propaganda to appear like a god and build a “cult of personality” around himself.
Radios, loudspeakers, newspapers, and billboards bombarded citizens with stories of communist successes and capitalist evils.

11. The Soviet government tightly controlled the arts.
Government censored books, music, and art.
Stalin required artists & writers to follow style of socialist realism. (<< see examples)
present Soviet life in a positive light
Writers, artists, and musicians who didn’t conform were arrested, sent to the gulags – even killed

12. Russians were appointed to all high-ranking positions
Stalin controlled the culture by promoting russification and declaring war on religion.
Russians were appointed to all high-ranking positions
Atheism became an official state policy.
Persecution of many

13. The Soviet state provided some benefits to the general population.
Free medical care
Free day care
Inexpensive housing
Public recreation

14. Lenin formed the a worldwide communist organization.
Between 1917 and 1939, the Soviet Union’s foreign policy focused on spreading communism and revolution throughout the world.
Lenin formed the a worldwide communist organization.
Western powers viewed Stalin with distrust
Soviet Union slowly won recognition and increased trade with capitalist countries.