1. Chapter 3: Early Humans and the Agricultural Revolution

2. Lesson 1: Hunter-Gatherers
How do people adapt to their environment?

3. The Paleolithic Age Surviving in the Paleolithic Age
The early period of human history is called the Stone Age
People used stones to make tools and weapons
Paleolithic Age
“Old Stone”
Early stages of the Stone Age
Nomads
Moved around in search for food in groups
Hunted and gathered
Learned to hunt, fish, and find edible plants
Men hunted
Developed weapons to be more efficient
Women gathered
Stayed near camp, usually by water source
Equality

4. The Invention of Tools Culture of hunting and gathering Technology
What tools were used
Which animals were hunted and which were not
The roles of men and women
Technology
Before: sticks, stones, and branches
Then: flint to make sharp tools
Later: Spears, bows and arrows, scraping tools, needles

5. Making Stone Age Tools

6. Changing to Survive Climate is a big deal
Determines clothing, shelter, food
What is available and accessible?
Humans then constructed clothing and shelter

7. Fire Sparks Changes Provided warmth, light
Scare animals away or chase them into traps
Cook and store food
Gathering place
Rubbed two sticks together to create friction
Invented drill-like fire starters
Certain stones create sparks

8. Language and Art Communication Spoken language Physical gestures
Information and emotions
Art
Lascaux in Southern France
Founded in 1879
Use fingers, twigs, brushes of animal hair
Scenes of hunts, nature
Paints of crushed rocks and clay

9. The Ice Ages How did people adapt to survive the Ice Ages?
Periods of extreme cold
Most recent was 100,000 years ago
Glaciers grew and ocean levels decreased
Land bridge
Adaptation
Added more fat to diet
Built sturdier shelters
Warm clothing using fur
Lasted 90,000 years

10. The Agricultural Revolution
How did farming change people’s lives?

11. Neolithic Times Climates warmed The Neolithic Age
Nomads moved to areas with fertile lands and mild climate
People remained in one place
Began to farm
Domesticated animals
Food, wool, milk
The Neolithic Age
From hunting and gathering to systematic agriculture
Still hunted and gathered

12. Agricultural Revolution
Revolution is any change that has enormous effect on people’s lives
Widespread farming
Farming became economic
Many areas began to grow around the same time
Agriculture Map
Life in the Neolithic Age
Villages near fields and water
Simple homes made of mud-brick
Shrines (holy places)
Gods and goddesses
Growing role of religion

13. The Benefits of Settled Life
Safety in numbers
Steady food supplies
More people for labor
More crops
More trade
Specialization
Specific jobs
Role of men and women change
Men farmed and tended animals, protected the village, community leaders
Women tended to the family and home, made clothing
Negative of settled life - Lack of resources

14. Civilizations Emerge Cities and governments Religion
Developed in river valleys
Food, protection, trade, fertile land
Governments formed to protect themselves and the food supply
Monarchy
Ruled by one king or queen
Created armies
Made laws
Appointed government officials
Religion
Explained daily life
Gods were responsible for everything

15. Social Structure Writing and Art Society organized in groups
Defined by work, wealth, or power
Rulers and priests, government officials, and warriors
Farmers, artisans, and craftspeople
Enslaved people
Writing and Art
Used symbols to represent information
Created for enjoyment
To keep records and preserve stories
Buildings as places of worship and burial tombs