1. Test 1 Review Chapter 1, Hydrologic cycle and the water balance
Basic quantification of hydrologic process such as
Precipitation
Streamflow
Volume and area relationships
Work example and 4.2.2

2. Groundwater Learning objectives
Be able to quantify the properties of water held in and flowing through the subsurface (soil and rock). The properties of interest include
porosity,
moisture content,
pressure,
suction,
hydraulic conductivity
Mays Chapter 2

3. Figure 21. Cross section through an unsaturated porous medium (from Chow et al. 1988)

4. Macroscopic and microscopic concepts of a porous medium
Macroscopic and microscopic concepts of a porous medium. (from Freeze and Cherry, 1979)

5. Storage Coefficient for (a) confined and (b) unconfined aquifers
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

6. Tensiometer for measuring water tension
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

7. Constant Head Permeameter
𝑄=−𝐾𝐴 𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑙
𝐾= 𝑉𝐿 𝐴𝑡ℎ
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

8. Variation of soil suction head, ||, and hydraulic conductivity, K, with moisture content. (from Chow et al, 1988)

9. Equations to representing soil water characteristic functions

10. Anisotropy 𝐾 𝑥 = 𝐾 1 𝑧 1 + 𝐾 2 𝑧 2 + 𝐾 3 𝑧 3 𝑧 1 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 3 10 m
𝐾 𝑥 = 𝐾 1 𝑧 1 + 𝐾 2 𝑧 2 + 𝐾 3 𝑧 3 𝑧 1 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 3
10 m
K=11.6 m/day
𝐾 𝑧 = 𝑧 1 + 𝑧 2 + 𝑧 3 𝑧 1 𝐾 𝑧 2 𝐾 𝑧 3 𝐾 3
4.4 m
K=4.5 m/day
6.2 m
K=2.2 m/day

11. Unconfined aquifer between two rivers
𝑞=−𝐾ℎ 𝜕ℎ 𝜕𝑥 =−𝐾 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 ℎ 2 2
𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑥 =𝑊
𝑑 2 𝑑 𝑥 ℎ =− 𝑊 𝐾
𝑞+ 𝑑𝑞 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑞
𝑊𝑑𝑥
ℎ 2 = ℎ 1 2 − ℎ 1 2 − ℎ 2 2 𝑥 𝐿 + 𝑊 𝐾 (𝐿−𝑥)𝑥
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

12. Radial flow to a confined aquifer
𝑄=2𝜋𝐾𝑏 ℎ− ℎ 𝑤 ln⁡(𝑟/ 𝑟 𝑤 )
ℎ− ℎ 𝑤 = 𝑄 ln 𝑟/ 𝑟 𝑤 2𝜋𝐾𝑏
Work example and 4.2.2
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

13. Radial Flow to an Unconfined Aquifer
𝑄= 𝜋𝐾 ℎ 2 2 − ℎ ln 𝑟 2 / 𝑟 1
Work example 4.2.3
From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

14. From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

15. From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology

16. From Mays, 2011, Ground and Surface Water Hydrology