1. Need to Know When did technology begin?
What were the first inventions?
How did technology impact humans?
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2. Technology Technology defined:
Human innovation in action that involves the generation of knowledge and processes to develop systems that solve
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3. History History defined:
A chronological record of significant events, often including an explanation of their causes.
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4. 500,000 BC-10,000 BC Archaeological period characterized by the .
Artifacts: stone axes, bone needles, hearth sites
Impacts on history: Improved diet and enhanced security enabled early humans to increase their numbers.
Stone Axes (
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
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5. 10,000 BC-4000 BC
The period between the Paleolithic and the Neolithic, associated with the rise to dominance of microlithics (very small geometric form tools commonly used in composite tools)
Artifacts: leatherwork, basketry, fishing tackle, stone axes and wooden objects, canoes and bows, domesticating animals, stone circles, henges
Impact on history:
led to the beginnings of settled communities.
Housing (
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
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6. Neolithic Age 4000 BC-2300 BC
The period is characterized by the development of agriculture and an increasing emphasis on year-round settlements.
Artifacts: pottery, polished stone tools, spinning and weaving tools, wooden plows, sickles
Impact on history:
enables division of labor and specialization that spurs invention and innovation.
Pottery (
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
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7. Engineers of Early Civilizations
used clay tablets to document irrigation systems, city plans, etc.
used mathematical concepts such as algebra for land excavation calculations and built asphalt-covered roadways.
built the pyramids and complex irrigation systems.
Pyramid (
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8. Bronze Age 2300 BC-700 BC
Includes earliest civilizations and the development of metallurgy, mainly the combining of copper and tin to make bronze
Artifacts: bronze jewelry,
Impact on history: Stone tools were gradually replaced by metal ones that enabled humans to alter their environment at a great rate.
Weapons
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Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
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9. 700 BC- 450 AD Iron used as the main metal
Artifacts: iron chisels, ornamental jewelry, swords, axes, spearheads
Impact on history: for uses of and the use of iron-bladed plows enabled humans to increase food production.
Jewelry (
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10. Greek and Roman Engineers
Greek engineers created the crossbow and catapult to conquer territories.
Roman engineers created systems, systems, and an extensive system. In addition, the first steam engine was created during the Roman Empire.
Catapult (
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Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
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11. AD
Period of time between the fall of Rome and the Renaissance
Artifacts: wheeled plow, horseshoes, waterwheels, , cast iron, cannons, compass,
Impact on history: rise of money and capitalism, rise and fall of feudalism, beginning of and
Windmills (
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12. Middle Age Engineers developing paper and chemistry applications
developing clocks, gunpowder, and astronomical instruments
The word engineer began to appear. Its root lies in the Latin word ingeniare, “to design or devise.”
Paper (
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13. 1400-1750 AD Humanistic revival of classical influence
Artifacts: telescope, microscope, thermometer, clocks, barometer
Impact on history: Instrumentation allowed scientists to natural phenomena.
Galileo’s Telescope (
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14. Leonardo was born in Italy in 1452
Leonardo was born in Italy in Beginning his career as an artist, painting and sculpting, he was soon put to work designing weapons, buildings, and machinery. See the interactive site below for some of his discoveries.
Exploring Leonardo:
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15. Link to video from NOVA program on Galileo:
Galileo was born in Italy in Throughout his career, Galileo discovered many physics properties. See the interactive sites below for some of his discoveries.
Experiments:
Link to video from NOVA program on Galileo:
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
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16. 1750-1950 AD , and Social changes from agricultural societies.
Artifacts: steam engine, automobile, airplane, radio, , rocket
Impact on history: gave rise to urban centers requiring municipal services, population expansion, and improvement in living standards
Steam Engine (
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
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17. Industrial Age Engineers refines the steam engine for practical use.
Alessandro Volta discovers the principles for a battery.
Pieter van Musschenbroek creates the forerunner to the capacitor.
creates the concept of the assembly line.
Capacitor (
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Technology, Engineering, and Design
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18. 1950 AD-Present
Central to society is the gathering, manipulation, classification, storage, and retrieval of information.
Artifacts: transistor, IC, satellite, digital photography, artificial heart, nuclear power plant, space shuttle
Impact on history: decentralization of decision making and
Artificial Heart (
© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association
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Foundations of Technology, Third Edition/
Technology, Engineering, and Design
©International Technology Education Association
Center to Advance the Teaching of Technology & Science
Engineering byDesign™