2. Piecework & Sweatshops
PIECEWORK -Workers paid a fixed amount for each item that they produced.
Garment workers
Cigar workers
SWEATSHOP- shop where employees worked for long hours and under poor working conditions.

4. SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT
Frederick Winslow Taylor
The Principles of Scientific Management
How to improve worker efficiency.
Break down different tasks and proper amount of time to complete
Productivity Increases
PROFIT$ increase

5. Division of Labor Separation of the tasks of production.
Workers completed one task to produce an item.
Concept of the assembly line.
The end of the artisan.

6. The Working Man burning On the stake of Monopoly

7. Jacob Riis, Children of the Poor (1892)
Child Labor
Jacob Riis, Children of the Poor (1892)

8. Child Labor No laws prohibited use of child labor
1880s approximately 5% of workforce was made up of children.
Families relied on income for children to survive.

10. W O R K E R S O R G A N I Z E

11. Knights of Labor DEMANDS INCLUSIVE Equal pay for equal work
Eight-hour work day
End child labor
INCLUSIVE
Admitted women and African Americans
Skilled and unskilled workers.
Farmers and factory workers.

12. AMERICAN FEDERATION of LABOR
(AFL)
Focus on wages, work hours, and working conditions
Skilled workers
African Americans allowed but discouraged
Women not allowed
(because they lowered wages)

13. GREAT RAILROAD STRIKE OF 1877
Began over wage cuts and increased work.
Railroad workers went on strike and rioted.
President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in troops to protect railroad property.
Lesson – Federal government would act on the behalf of business over labor and use the military against labor.

14. HAYMARKET MASSACRE 1886
“Eight hours for work, eight hours for rest, eight hours for what we will.”
Labor demonstration at Haymarket Square in Chicago.
Anarchists involved
Bomb thrown into crowd killing a police officer and igniting a riot. Gunfire. Dozen killed.

15. Knights of Labor blamed. Effectively ends that union.
HAYMARKET MASSACRE 1886
Knights of Labor blamed. Effectively ends that union.
Lesson- Public believes unions are dangerous and violent.

16. HOMESTEAD STRIKE 1892 Steel workers went on strike after wage cut.
Battle of Homestead fought between Pinkertons (a security guard company) and the strikers.
Attempted murder of Frick by an anarchist was blamed on the strikers.
Public opinion turned against union
Lessons – public believed that unions were dangerous, violent and unAmerican.

17. PULLMAN STRIKE 1894 Railroad cars Cut wages; raised rent
Court ordered strike illegal; interfered with free trade
President Cleveland sent in federal troops to enforce court order
Lesson – Federal government side with business over labor.

18. Labor – “Hopelessly Bound To The Stake”