1. Get out Ch 19 Docs
Turn in AR if you did it (Extra Credit)
Write down TDIH

3. Chapter 19- The Politics of the Gilded Age

4. Presidents during the Gilded Age
Ulysses S Grant (R)
Rutherford B. Hayes (R)
Garfield (R)
Arthur (R)
Cleveland (D)
Harrison (R)
Cleveland (D)
McKinley (R)

5. Politics in the Gilded Age Causes of the Political Stalemate
What made politics in the Gilded Age so extremely popular— with over 80 percent voter participation—yet so often corrupt and unconcerned with important national issues?
Politics in the Gilded Age
Causes of the Political Stalemate
Belief in Limited Government
Campaign Strategy
Party Patronage- Republicans and Democrats
Campaigns- close elections; few consecutive winners- goal to get voters, not the issues
Bands, flags, buttons, picnics, free beer- goal of strong party identification and loyalty based on region, religion, ethnic ties

8. Democrats v Republicans
Reps- “bloody shirt” of Civil War; reformers, African Americans; business, middle-class, Anglo-Saxon Protestants; temperance; Hamilton/Whigs pro-business, high tariffs
Dems-solid south, in the north- big city political machines, immigrants, Catholic, Lutheran, Jews; states’ rights, Jeffersonian

9. Parties in Gilded Age compared to Antebellum Age?

10. Explain the key issue dividing Mugwumps, Halfbreeds, and Stalwarts.
Explain how the issue of spoils or patronage in the Gilded Age is similar to politics in the Jackson Era.
Explain the key issue dividing Mugwumps, Halfbreeds, and Stalwarts.
Stalwarts- die hard Republicans; opposed reform
Halfbreeds- more liberal Republicans (only “half” Republican)- called this by the “Stalwarts”
Mugwumps- Republicans who didn’t play patronage games- sitting on the fence- supported Cleveland (a Democrat!)
Patronage- gave jobs to faithful; Conkling- Rep in NY- Stalwarts
Halfbreeds- Blaine

11. Which was more significant to Gilded Age political corruption, patronage or the power of big business? Consider your reading on both industrialization and politics. Defend your answer with specific evidence.

12. Presidents Hayes- end of Reconstruction; tried to end corruption
Election of 1880
Repubs: Halfbreed Garfield v Stalwart Arthur
Dems- Union general Hancock
Garfield wins, Arthur VP
Garfield- gave jobs to Halfbreeds
Assassinated by crazy Stalwart so Arthur would be Pres (wanted a job)
Arthur- distance from Stalwarts
Support civil service reform
Civil Service- government jobs that aren’t elected
Civil Service Reform- gov jobs based on qualifications, not party loyalty

13. Politics Congress- weak- corruption and laziness Election of 1884
Repub- Blaine (Halfbreed)- was known for corruption
Dems- Cleveland- got support from Mugwumps who didn’t support Blaine
Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion- dirty politics
Cleveland wins- first Dem since Buchanan
First Term
Jeffersonian limited government
Interstate Commerce Act, Dawes Act
Civil Service Reform- Pendleton Act

16. Money Issues Money supply problems
Soft Money- more money in circulation
Farmers, Debtors, new businesses
Easier to borrow, to pay off debt, lower interest
Against gold standard- wanted greenbacks and SILVER
Hard Money- less money in circulation
Bankers, creditors, investors, big businesses
Gold-backed money; little inflation
Value of money goes up because the availability of it goes down in growing economy

17. Would increase amount of money = money is worth less
Gold Standard
Free Silver
Would increase amount of money = money is worth less
BUT- there is more available
Prices go up- but there is easier access to money
Easier to pay back loans
Limited amount of money = money is worth a lot
Prices are low, but there isn’t a lot of money going around to buy stuff
Harder to pay back loans
Which would you rather have: $100 on the Gold Standard or $100 with Free Silver? Why?

18. Money Issues Greenback Party Silver- “Crime of 1873”
Money not backed by gold or silver- from Civil War- withdrew from economy with Specie Resumption Act of 1875
Greenback Party wanted to increase money circulation
Silver- “Crime of 1873”
Bland-Allison Act- allowed for limited coinage of silver at silver: gold ratio of 16:1
Farmers not happy- want unlimited
Tariff- source of ½ of gov $
Farmers want it gone- increased price of goods, retaliatory tariffs
Only benefitted business, not farms

19. Election of 1888 Growing discontent in US
Cleveland proposed lower tariff rate (a real issue!)- actually divided Dems and Repubs
Election of Harrison (Repub) won- supported high
Played on fears of bad effects on business if lower tariff

20. Billion Dollar Congress
Which action by the Billion Dollar Congress was the most impactful? Explain and defend your answer with specific evidence.
Repub controlled both houses
McKinley Tariff – 48%
Pensions to Civil War vets
Sherman Antitrust Act
Sherman Silver Purchase Act
Bill for African American voting rights (didn’t pass Senate)
Return of Dems in mid-term elections

23. Rise of the Populists
Explain how the rise of the Populists demonstrate the impact of industrialization and urbanization.
Omaha Platform
Political: Direct election of senators; use of initiatives and referendums for more direct democracy
Economic: FREE SILVER; graduated income tax; public ownership of RR, telegraph, telephone; loans for farmers; 8 hour work day
SOUND FAMILIAR?

26. Depression Panic of 1893 Gold Reserve and Tariff
Causes: overspeculation of stock market
RR went bankrupt
Cleveland’s response: gold standard and laissez-faire
Gold Reserve and Tariff
Gold levels too low, repealed Silver Act
Borrowed $65 million from JP Morgan
Did lower tariff
Coxey’s Army- march for unemployment

27. Turning Point: 1896 Explain the significance of the Election of 1896
Turning Point in American Politics: 1896
Election of 1896
Bryan, Democrats, and Populists
McKinley, Hanna, and Republicans
The Campaign
McKinley’s Presidency
Significance of the Election of 1896
Populist Demise
Urban Dominance
Beginning of modern politics

29. Crying for Protection, 1896
Uncle Sam is called on in this cartoon to nurse so called infant industries— some of which had in fact long since grown into vigorous adulthood.

30. The Sacrilegious Candidate
A hostile cartoonist makes sport of Bryan’s notorious Cross of Gold speech in 1896.

31. Populism
To what extent was the Populist movement a practical, liberal response to the political and economic problems of the Gilded Age?
To what extent was the Populist movement a romantic, idealistic response to the changes in American culture and economy during the Gilded Age?

32. Causation: Populism
Cause
Effect