1. [ 6.6 ] National Security

2. [ 6.6 ] National Security
Learning Objectives
Summarize the functions, components, and organization of the Defense Department and its military departments.
Explain how the Director of National Intelligence and the Department of Homeland Security contribute to national security.

3. [ 6.6 ] National Security
Key Terms
espionage
Terrorism

4. The Department of Defense
How many federal agencies, in addition to the Department of State, are involved with the nation’s foreign affairs? Dozens of them. Thus, the FBI combats terrorism and espionage here and abroad. The Public Health Service works with the United Nations and foreign governments to conquer diseases and meet other health problems in many parts of the world. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) provides economic help to foreign countries. The Office of the United States Trade Representative promotes this country’s interests in international trade.

5. The Department of Defense
The Framers and the Military
The Secretary of Defense
The Joint Chiefs of Staff

6. The Department of Defense
The Department of Defense is America's oldest and largest government agency. Service members, like these Air Force fighter pilots, serve in more than 150 countries around the world.

7. The Department of Defense
Civilian leadership of the military reflects democratic ideals of our nation; officials elected by the people have the ultimate authority. Analyze Charts How does this structure balance power?

8. Branches of the Military
The three military departments—the Departments of the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force—are major units and sub-Cabinet departments within the Department of Defense. A civilian secretary, named by the President and directly responsible to the secretary of defense, leads each military department. The nation’s armed forces—the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force—operate within that unified structure.

9. Branches of the Military
The Army
The Navy
The Air Force

10. Branches of the Military
The Salute to Our Troops parade in Hawaii features representatives of the five active duty services—the Army, Marines, Navy, Air Force, and Coast Guard.

11. Branches of the Military
The percentage of women in the military has increased dramatically since the 1970’s. Analyze Graphs Which branch has seen the greatest increase?

12. The Director of National Intelligence
The Director of National Intelligence(DNI) heads the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, established in The Office was born out of the pre-9/11 failure of the government’s several intelligence agencies to collect and share information that might have warned of al Qaeda’s coming attacks.

13. Agencies Controlled by the DNI Balancing Security and Liberty
The Director of National Intelligence
The Work of the DNI
Agencies Controlled by the DNI
Balancing Security and Liberty

14. The Director of National Intelligence
The operations center of the National Counterterrorism Center investigates threat reports and coordinates and shares real-time intelligence on terrorism.

15. The Director of National Intelligence
After the attacks by the Al Qaeda Islamist terrorist group, polling data on security and privacy heavily favored security. Analyze Charts How have these preferences changed over the years?

16. The Department of Homeland Security
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is charged with the awesome and complex task of protecting the United States against terrorism. Terrorism is the use of violence to intimidate a government or a society, usually for political or ideological reasons.

17. The Work of the Department of Homeland Security A Daunting Task

18. The Department of Homeland Security
The Secret Service, whose responsibilities include operating and maintaining the high-tech, heavily armored limo, is part of the Department of Homeland Security.

19. The Department of Homeland Security
Many federal agencies, including customs, immigration, and border patrol, as well as State troopers and private security organizations, work to protect the Trans-Alaska pipeline from terrorist attack.

20. Quiz: The Department of Defense
Why did Congress create the Defense Department?
A. to prevent the abuse of power by military leaders
B. to end disagreements among various branches of the military
C. to unify the Army and Navy under one Cabinet department
D. to clarify the chain of command in the military

21. Quiz: Branches of the Military
Why did the end of the cold war cause a decrease in the size of the armed forces?
A. A large military was no longer needed since a major threat to the country had subsided.
B. The Department of Homeland Security became the nation's primary defense agency.
C. In the agreement ending the Cold War, the United States had pledged to decrease its military.
D. Lower taxes led to cuts for all parts of government, including defense.

22. Quiz: The Director of National Intelligence
In what way was the creation of the DNI intended to change America's intelligence capabilities?
A. to improve communication between the White House and the intelligence community
B. to provide the President with greater access to military resources
C. to improve communication among intelligence-gathering organizations
D. to increase the budget for intelligence-gathering activities

23. A. commanding the Army, Navy, and Air Force
Quiz: The Department of Homeland Security
What is one strategy used by the DHS to safeguard the nation's security?
A. commanding the Army, Navy, and Air Force
B. offering foreign aid to struggling nations
C. coordinating the efforts of all levels of government
D. pursuing a policy of deterrence when possible