1. The Rebellions of

3. Lower Canada 1830s: 2 groups The Business class (bourgeoisie):
Rich $$$
Language English
Origins  British
‘Montrealers’
‘Tory Party’  Political Group

4. Lower Canada 1830s: 2 groups 2. ‘Canadien Party’ or ‘Les Patriotes’:
Professional Class (lawyers, docters, etc.)
Mostly French, some English
Leaders : P. Bédard and L.-J. Papineau.
Used newspapers to get their ideas across:
‘Le Canadien’, ‘La Minerve’ 

5. Steps of the 1837-38 rebellion: Tory Party VS
Steps of the rebellion: Tory Party VS. Patriotes (Canadien Party)
Infrastructures = Roads, canals, public buildings, etc.
Arguments over WHO pays for them
Tory Party wants to tax the general public to pay for certain infrastructures in Lower Canada this helps the rich get richer
Patriotes  do not want the public to pay for the infrastructure

6. Steps of the 1837-38 rebellion: Tory Party VS
Steps of the rebellion: Tory Party VS. Patriotes (Canadien Party)
Tory Party  want to control finances to benefit the members of the Tory Party
Tory Party  want to assimilate the French Canadiens
Tory Party  want the main language of the assembly to be English
Tory Party  Want to unite with Upper Canada to dilute the power of the French Canadiens

7. Steps of the 1837-38 rebellion: Tory Party VS
Steps of the rebellion: Tory Party VS. Patriotes (Canadien Party)
Leaders of the Patriotes are not happy with the Tory Party
The Patriotes (Papineau and Bédard) will propose the 92 RÉSOLUTIONS
92 Résolutions  a document list of complaints and demands of the Patriotes

8. Steps of the 1837-38 rebellion: Tory Party VS
Steps of the rebellion: Tory Party VS. Patriotes (Canadien Party)
92 Résolutions  sent to England
England responds with a « NO »
England responds with the « 10 Russell Resolutions »
Upper Canada also wants changes (McKenzie)

10. Steps of the 1837-38 rebellion: Tory Party VS
Steps of the rebellion: Tory Party VS. Patriotes (Canadien Party)
Military failure of the Patriotes
1837  win the battle of St.-Denis, but lose the battle of St.-Foy and St.-Eustache
1838  lose battles, lots of imprisonments and 12 hangings
Revolt of the Patriotes  failure

16. Reactions to the uprising
Business class: hostile towards the Patriotes
Clergy: Against the uprising  do not want to lose privileges gained in 1774
Professional class: Leading members of the Patriotes (support)
Artisans / habitants: Support Patriotes
**Upper Canada:
W.L. Mackenzie and his supporters are defeated  lose popular support

17. CONCLUSION : The 1837-38 rebellions are caused by :
Political reasons: need for responsible government
Power: fight for power between the business class and the professional classes
Economic crisis: Pour agricultural returns

18. LORD DURHAM

19. The Durham Report and the Act of Union
Durham Report (1839) discusses problems in the 2 Canadas
Lower Canada: Racial despute
Les Canadiens (French)
… “People without history or literature”
… ignorant agricultures'
… inferior (not English)
English
… Control administration
… Control commerce
… Are superior

20. The Durham Report and the Act of Union
Solutions of the report:
Legislative union for both Canadas  long term assimilation of French
Responsible government  executive power by elected officials

21. The Durham Report and the Act of Union
One government for the 2 Canadas
Why?
Makes the French Canadiens a politcal minority
Assures the economic development of the St-Lawrence  Majority will vote in favor of this

22. 1791
1841

24. Canada Est
Canada Ouest

25. Economic Results after the Act of Union
No more PROTECTIONNISM
Canada had preferred rates for selling wheat / timber
“Corn laws” & “Timber laws”
This is now gone...

26. Economic Results after the Act of Union
Improved infrastructure  Canals
Canals along St-Lawrence improve transportation of goods between Kingston and Montreal
Construction of a railway system (Grand-Trunk Railway) between Sarnia and Riviere-du-Loup
With these developments, more difficult for the United states to steal business

27. Economic Results after the Act of Union
Reciprocity Treaty ( )
Free trade agreement between the United States and Canada
No duties for goods travelling across the border
Butter, wood, fish, flour….
conclusion 
Canada-West(Ontario) seems to be favored after the Act of Union.