1. Sociobiology

2. Sociobiology is any kind of interaction between two or more animals
Usually intraspecific

3. Competitive Behavior Usually represents contests for resources
Agonistic behavior involves threatening and submissive behavior, often ritualized

5. Agonistic behavior usually does not result in the death of either animal
Agonistic behavior may determine rights to food, mates, or territory

7. In animals where social dynamics are important reconciliation behavior has been seen

9. Can be “despotic” or “linear”
Dominance hierarchy
“Pecking order”
Can be “despotic” or “linear”

10. In the spotted hyena females are dominant over males
Hierarchy is nepotistic, offspring of high ranked females automatically outrank lower ranked females

11. Territoriality An area of land that is claimed by an individual
Usually all other conspecifics (members of the same species are excluded from the territory
Territories vary in size based upon the size of the animal and what its needed for

13. Territory vs Home Range
Home ranges are the area where animals roam but are not actively defended

14. Territories may be claimed by a variety of means, the most common are:
Claiming territory
Territories may be claimed by a variety of means, the most common are:
Aural– Bird song
Olfactory – scent marking

15. Mating behavior Observations
HTk (3:55)

16. Reproductive behavior includes seeking, choosing, and competing for mates, as well as caring for offspring.

17. Courtship is any behavioral patterns that lead to mating
The purpose of courtship is to identify conspecifics and to identify mates that are ready to reproduce

18. Parental Investment
Much of mating behavior stems from the unequal investment males and females put into their offspring

19. In most systems the male (sperm creators) will gain an evolutionary benefit by having multiple mates
In most systems the female (egg creators) will gain an evolutionary benefit by having a single high quality mate

20. Female choice results when females screen out low quality males and only mate with high quality males

22. Promiscuity, Monogamy, Polygamy
Promiscuity – no pair bonds Monogamy – one male/one female, lasts through at least one mating season Polygamy – any system where lasting relationships are not monogamous

23. Polygyny – One male, multiple females
Polyandry – One female, multiple males
Polygynandry – Any given female may have multiple male partners, any given male may have multiple female partners.

24. Factors influencing mating systems
Amount of care required for offspring (promotes monogamy)
Certainty of paternity (promotes monogamy)
Capability to make more offspring

26. Communication may be visual, auditory, chemical, tactile
Communication occurs when a sender produces a signal that is detected by a receiver
Communication may be visual, auditory, chemical, tactile

27. Pheromones Communication done through odor (chemical signals)

28. Honeybee dance Karl von Frisch
Close food sources result in a “round dance”
Long distance = waggle dance. Angle relative to vertical surface = angle relative to sun.
More waggles = more distance.

29. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-7ijI- g4jHg