1. Standards for the Internet of Things
Class 4: System Standards
October 8, 2015 Louis W. Giokas

2. This Week’s Agenda
Monday IoT Standards Overview Tuesday Device Standards Wednesday Communication Standards Thursday System Standards Friday Future Directions

3. Course Description
The Internet of Things (IoT) is dynamic and growing by leaps and bounds.
Standards will help in sustaining this growth.
Standards are key to efficiently melding together many devices and systems from multiple vendors.
The IoT consists of a multilayer architecture of devices and systems connected in complex networks.
We will look at the types of standards developed, or being developed, by standards bodies, concentrating on the IEEE.

4. Today’s Agenda Systems in the IoT Standards for Systems Some examples
Motivations
Some examples
Grand vision
Smart City
Healthcare

5. Systems in the IoT Basic definition:
A system is a collection of devices that performs a function.
Any system can be broken down into sub-systems that have the same definition (recursive)
Each sub-system has a definition, requirements and interfaces
System engineering tools can model systems as physical, dynamical systems

6. Systems in the IoT
Goal is to turn data into Information that drives action
Fusion of sensors and actuators
Local action
Global knowledge
Back-end analytics and machine learning techniques
Automation and optimization

7. Systems in the IoT Systems may be interconnected
This can happen at any level
Often the coordination happens in back-end systems
Industrial example
Shop floor system reports actual usage of material
Warehouse system tracks inventory in real-time
ERP system uses this data to order material based on orders and information from the operational systems

8. Systems in the IoT Examples, continued Hospital example
All material is tracked by RFID
Processes are reactive
When a particular device is required it is immediately located and brought to the desired location
It’s function and state will also be tracked and cleaning, replenishment, etc. scheduled
Any associated expendables will be reordered
Bio-cyber system, if present, may be interfaced to other systems to effect treatment

9. Standards for Systems
Many groups develop or adopt standards, generally along industry lines:
Industrial Internet Consortium (formed by AT&T, GE, Cisco, IBM, Intel)
AllSeen Alliance
Internet of Things Consortium
Object Management Group
Most start with an “architecture” and then develop the requirements and interfaces

10. Examples: Grand Vision
Grand Vision: an IoT which connects many separate systems and functions with cross systems intelligence and action
The Cloud and metropolitan internet services figure prominently
IEEE xx standards for local and Metropolitan Area networks
Coordination or command and control centers
Public safety concerns

11. Grand Vision

12. Examples: Industrial
Industrial systems often consist of a number of smart devices from many different manufacturers
Need common communications architecture
Common signaling and commands
Isolation from outside systems
Back-end systems
ERP systems, shop floor control
May connect to the Internet

13. Industrial IoT Concept
5C Architecture:
Cyber
Physical
Systems
Approach

14. Industrial IoT

15. Industrial IoT

16. Industrial IoT
Brings together many areas of Engineering and Computer Science
OMG is a software based initiative
IEEE P2413 Working Group
Takes requirements from the Industrial Internet Consortium
P2413 will then supply drafts of standards being worked on

17. Examples: Healthcare
Healthcare is an area where standards can have major impact
Healthcare sector is massive
Technology adoption is growing but lags other sectors
Most automation has taken place in billing and support systems
New initiatives target patient care directly

18. Healthcare Standards for operations Standards for medical devices
LS (Location Services for Healthcare)
Standards for medical devices
Transducers
RFID tags (patients, devices)

19. Healthcare: LS
Automated identification and locating/positioning of objects or people in real time
Generally uses RFID tags

20. Healthcare: LS

21. Healthcare: LS
Basic Conceptual Model

22. Healthcare: LS

23. Healthcare: LS

24. Summary and Preview
Today we have discussed the System level and how that is bringing together the disparate components to provide services
Standards are critical to the growth of these industries as there are very any players
Next time we talk future directions, the standards process and how you might get involved