1. Bell Ringer
List three things you think you know about Germany

2. The Rise of Dictators
Post World War I Europe

3. Two Terms Totalitarian Dictator
Ruling a country and its people with complete control
Tyrant: Tyrannous, Latin term associated with Rex (king)
A person who rules a country with absolute control in a cruel and brutal way

4. Germany Devastated by the Treaty of Versailles
Huge economic depression
Experienced political revolution

5. Treaty of Versailles June 28, 1919 Provisions III. League of Nations
Germany loses territory
Forced to disarm
Forced to pay reparations
Forced to accept responsibility for war
III. League of Nations
1. Germany not allowed to join until 1926

6. Economic Depression Inflation Unemployment Prices soared
Destroyed the middle class
Unemployment
: 1,862,000
: 6,042,000

7. Political Upheaval 1918: Kaiser removed New Government 1932 Election
Replaced by the Weimar Republic
New Government
I. Many unwilling to accept new gov., especially in Bavaria
1932 Election
Too many parties (28)
#9: National Socialist German Worker’s Party

8. Rise of the Nazi Party
I. Started in Bavaria in 1919 II. Did not respect the Weimar Republic
Beliefs: 1. Intense Nationalism 2. Social Darwinism 3. anti-Liberalism 4. anti-rationalism 5. anti-Marxism 6. anti-Semitism

9. National Socialist German Party
1921
Hitler takes over party
II. Had thousands of followers by 1923
III. Hitler runs for President in 1932, comes in 2nd

10. Beer Hall Putsch Nov. 8-9, 1923: Munich
Hitler’s first attempt to overthrow the government
Tried to kidnap leader of Bavaria, Gustav von Kahr
Approx Nazis exchange fire with state police
Fails
Hitler sent to prison, writes Mein Kempf

12. Chancellor Named by Chancellor by Pres. Paul von Hindenburg in 1932
Enabling Act: Gave his decrees power they did not have before
1934: von Hindenburg dies, Hitler declares himself president

13. Why do you think Hitler’s party was able to be successful in the election?

14. Geheime Staatspolizei
The Gestapo

15. Origin Nazi party’s secret police
Branch of the SS
Under direct control of Heinrich Himmler
Terrorized and murdered anyone who was a “threat” to Nazism
The law
Had own courts
Judge, Jury, Executioner
Outside normal judicial system

16. Purpose Hunt out enemies of the state Jews Communists
Jehovah Witnesses
Anyone who challenged the Nazis

17. Tactics/Methods Fear “Protective Custody” Spies Everywhere at once
People’s Court
Guaranteed death sentence
Spies
1. Used nationals to spy on each other in occupied countries

18. Youth in the Reich

19. Hitler Youth Nazi Youth League Growth 1. 1922-1945 1923: 1,000+
1925: 5,000+
1932: 107,956
1933: 2,300,000

20. Requirements Boys 14-18 years old
18 year olds join Nazi Party and Storm Troopers

22. Late 1930s Tried to make all youth 10 and older members
Mandatory education in Nazi philosophy (indoctrination)
1939: Largest youth organization in world (7.3 million)

23. 1943-45 Conscripted into military service
1943:12 SS-Panzer Division of Hitlerjugend
: 455 soldiers, 1 tank surrender to Amer. 7th Army

24. Swing Kids
Swing Jugend

25. Counter Culture Youth anti-Nazi movement 14-18 year olds
1. Would rather dance than join Hitler Youth
Berlin and Hamburg

26. Offensive? Jazz music offensive to Nazi philosophy
Copied British and American youth in dress and style
Rented halls and clubs to dance in

27. Do you think this was a good way to protest Nazi philosophy?

28. To end class…
In your notes: Make a timeline of events in Germany from the end of World War I to Hitler being named Chancellor

29. Bell Ringer
What was the name of Hitler’s secret police?

30. Bell Ringer
What was the official name of Hitler’s political party (not Nazi)?

31. Italy Came out of World War I in decent shape
Looked to re-build the Roman empire
Became a colonial power in Mediterranean and Africa

32. Benito Mussolini Political
1919: Est. Paramilitary Fascist movement
Saw himself as modern Caesar
1921: Prime Minister
1926: Dictator
II. Military 1. Rifleman in WWI 2. Used force to gain political power : Allied with Germany

33. What was a similar vision that both Hitler and Mussolini had for their countries?

34. Italian Colonialism Europe Africa 1 Spanish Civil War (1936-39)
2. Albania (1939)
Africa
Libya ( )
Somalia ( )
Ethiopia ( )

35. Russia Bolshevik Revolution = Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
Marxism
Stalin

36. Bolshevik Revolution Nov. 1917 Occupy gov. buildings in Petrograd
Install new gov.
World’s first Marxist state
Vladimir Lenin at head
Later rename country Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

37. What was going on in Europe during the time of the Bolshevik Revolution?

38. Stalin Ruled 1929-53 Domestic Terror Society Revolution
1. Took power after Lenin died
Domestic Terror
Millions died
Executed enemies
Sent others to labor camps
Society Revolution
1. Changed from farming/peasants to industrial power

39. To End Class…
Write a brief summary of either Mussolini or Stalin in your notes.

40. Bell Ringer
What was the name of Mussolini’s political party?

41. Bell Ringer
What is the term/title given to political leaders like Mussolini and Hitler?

42. To End Class…
To be handed in: Write a minimum of five sentences answering the following:
What would you have done if you had to live under the fear of the Gestapo?