1. Models/Theories review
Best advice:
Review for this quiz in ‘full screen mode’ (F5) so you can look at models without seeing answers.
Continue filling out your chart with info on the Geographers and their models/theories

2. Name the model or theory
*Alonso & Ricardo
*got left out of models project…. :0
Bid Rent theory

3. Name the model or theory
John Borchert
• 1) Sail-Wagon Epoch ( ) - associated with low technology • 2) Iron Horse Epoch ( ); steam-powered locomotive & spreading rails • 3) Steel-Rail Epoch ( ); full impact of Ind. Rev. (steel), hinterlands expand • 4) Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch ( ); gas-powered internal combustion engine • High Technology Epoch (1970-today ); expansion of service & information industries (not part of Borchert's model)
Transportation & Urbanization model: The American Epochs
Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization. Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities.

4. Name the model or theory
Norman Borlaug
RIP, 2009 
Green Revolution

5. Name the model or theory
Esther Boserup
Population and economic growth theory
Not the worry wart regarding population

6. Name the model or theory
ERNST BURGESS
CONCENTRIC ZONE MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH
Burgess and Urban = BURban

7. Name the model or theory
H. Carey
The Gravity Model

8. Name the model or theory
CHRISTALLER
CENTRAL PLACE THEORY OF URBAN/SERVICES DEVELOPMENT

9. Name the model or theory
SubSaharan City model
DeBlij

10. Jared Diamond (1937-)
Guns, Germs, and Steel (1997); geographic luck(environmental determinism)

11. Name the model or theory
Ford/Griffin
Latin American city model

12. Name the model or theory
Edge Cities/ Urbanization
Joel Garreau

13. Name the model or theory
Gimbutas
Kurgan hypothesis
In 1956 Gimbutas introduced her Kurgan hypothesis, which combined archaeological study of the distinctive Kurgan burial mounds with linguistics to unravel some problems in the study of theProto-Indo-European (PIE) speaking peoples, whom she dubbed the "Kurgans"; namely, to account for their origin and to trace their migrations into Europe.

14. Name the model or theory
HARRIS & ULLMAN
MULTIPLE NUCLEI MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH
Multiple names =
multiple nuclei

15. Name the model or theory
Harold Hotelling
Industry –
Locational interdependence
Ice cream/Starbucks theory

16. Name the model or theory
HOMER HOYT
SECTOR MODEL OF URBAN GROWTH
Homer / sector

17. Name the model or theory
Koppen
Climate classifications

18. Name the model or theory
August Losch
Industrialization –
Profit maximization
‘$$ make me happy’ guy

19. Name the model or theory
Thomas Malthus
Theory of overpopulation

20. Name the model or theory
HEARTLAND THEORY OF POLITICAL POWER
HALFORD MAKINDER
MaKINDer is kind HEARTed

21. Name the model or theory
Alfred Mahan
Sea power theory of political growth

22. Name the model or theory
McGee
SE Asian
city model

23. Name the model or theory
PETER MULLER
SUBURBANIZATION + TRANSPORTATION ANALYSIS IN URBAN REGIONS
Muller = Mules TRANSPORT

24. Name the model or theory
Omran
 epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and stark increase in population growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a re-leveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility rates

25. Name the model or theory
FRIEDRICH RATZEL
ORGANIC THEORY OF STATE GROWTH
+ ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM - Natural surroundings rule human action
A RAT is ORGANIC/alive
RATs live in the environment

26. Name the model or theory
Ernst Ravenstein
Gravity model of migration + Laws of Migration
RAVENS fly/ MIGRATE

27. Name the model or theory
Collin Renfrew
Language diffusion by agricultural means
CoLLin/Language…..

28. Name the model or theory
Walter Rostow
Stages of
economic
growth/development
Be able to
name the
stages
w/country
examples
RostOW = economic grOWth

29. Name the model or theory
Carl Sauer
Possiblism/Landscape Theory states that the cultural landscape is shaped by humans and various cultural aspects of their culture.
Examples- Humans have altered the physical environment in many ways including the architecture humans build, the toponyms placed on certain locations, burial practices, and sacred sites that are established.
Possibilism
Humans can alter their environment
Hoover Dam – changing the landscape

30. Name the model or theory
Nicholas Spykman
He who controls the Rimland, controls the world – political systems theory
SPYKE the RIM

31. Name the model or theory
Taylor and Lang
World Cities Model
tAyLor / LAng
L.A. is a world city

32. Name the model or theory
Warren Thompson
Demographic Transition
Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to
improved economic production
and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area.
(Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology.)

33. Name the model or theory
VON THUNEN
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES IN AN ISOLATED STATE SURROUND A MARKET ZONE THAT IS CIRCULAR
Not Burgess,
but look the same.

34. Name the model or theory
Immanuel Wallerstein
Wallerstein = World
World Systems Theory / Core-Periphery model

35. Name the model or theory
Alfred Weber
Least Cost theory and Industrial location theory
Cheap guy/theory

36. Alfred Wegener
Continental drift (1915): hypothesized that the continents were slowly drifting around the Earth. His hypothesis was not accepted until the 1950s, when numerous discoveries provided conclusive evidence (plate tectonics).

37. Name the model or theory
Wilber Zelinsky

38. Name the model or theory
G. Zipf
Rank-size rule for sizes of cities

39. THEORIES/CONCEPTS > Gravity model-migration push & pull factors,
Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model
Pop/Migration
Boserup
Malthus
Ravenstein
Omran
Carey
Zelinsky
Ratzel
THEORIES/CONCEPTS >
Gravity model-migration push & pull factors,
population & food supply issues
rural to urban migration,
Ties b/t population growth & economic growth,
Demographic Transition
Culture > Language diffusion (military vs agriculture…
M. Gimbutas, C. Renfrew, Sauer, Ratzel
Nature/Perspectives
Sauer
Ratzel
Koppen
Wegener
THEORIES/CONCEPTS >
environmental determinism
Possiblism,
Climate classification system
DEV/RESOURCES
Rostow
Wallerstein
Thompson
Theories/CONCEPTS >
Stages of eco growth,
world systems theory
Demographic Transition

40. Most important Geographers/Theories Be able to match the person to their theory/model Be able to recognize/classify the theory/model
INDUSTRIALIZATION/ECO DEVELOPMENT
Weber
Rostow
Wallerstein
Thompson
Borlaug (as related to development)
Taylor/Lang
Theories/CONCEPTS >
Stages of eco growth,
world systems theory
Demographic Transition
Least cost theory
Green Revolution – links to development
CITIES AND URBAN LAND USE
Borchert, Burgess, Harris/Ullman
Hotelling, Losch, Garreau, Christaller
Hoyt, Muller, Zipf, Muller/Hartshorn, DeBlij, Ford/Griffin, McGee
THEORIES/CONCEPTS
US city structure: Concentric Zones v Sector v Multiple Nuclei, v Urban Realms,
World Cities, Central Place Theory, Suburbanization, Edge Cities, African v Asian v Latin American city structures
Political
Mahan
Spykman
Mackinder
Ratzel
Models/Theories/concepts
Sea power
Rimland theory
Heartland theory
Organic states
AGRICULTURE
Von Thunen
Borlaug
Boserup
Christaller
Renfrew
Models/theories
Agri in the isolated state
Green Revolution
Centers of Agri and diffusion of culture/language

41. Turkey/agriculture/food/language
Anatolian Hearth theory
Correlation b/t source areas of 3 agricultural centers and 3 major languages
Turkey/agriculture/food/language

42. Chrystals… Central Place Theory
Spatial distribution of cities/service centers is a hexagon w/CP in the middle
Chrystals…

43. Core-Periphery model
World systems
Places/regions can’t develop equally, somebody has to be poor!

44. Demographic Transition Model
Birth and mortality rates are tied to stages of development

45. Demographic Transition
Holds that slowing population growth is attributable to
improved economic production
and higher standards of living brought about by changes in medicine, education and sanitation. Overcrowding is a reflection of the Carrying Capacity and not the numbers per unit area.
(Carrying Capacity is the # of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology.)

46. Tied to Neo-colonialism
Dependency Theory
Poor country’s economy is tied to a rich country, usually it’s former colonizer
Tied to Neo-colonialism

47. ‘Black Hole’ city Gravity model of migration
Relationship b/t volume of migration and distance from source & destination is inverse
‘Black Hole’ city

48. He who controls Europe, controls the world
Heartland Theory
Mackinder's Heartland (also known as the Pivot Area) is the core area of Eurasia, and the World-Island is all of Eurasia (both Europe and Asia).
He who controls Europe, controls the world
‘Who rules East Europe commands the Heartland Who rules the Heartland commands the World-Island Who rules the World-Island commands the world’

49. Least Cost/Location Theory
Minimizing transportation costs
Cheap theory

50. Migration Theory
Push-Pull Forces impact choices
FORCED
VOLUNTARY
IMPELLED
CHAIN

51. Focus on CBD importance b/c CBD is at the center of the model
Concentric Zone Model
Burgess
Focus on CBD importance b/c CBD is at the center of the model
????

52. Multiple Nuclei model
CBD is not as important, urban areas develop several CBDs

53. Sector model
Based on urban transportation routes and bid rent prices

54. World Systems Theory
Development is applicable across scales – local to regional to global

55. Urbanization: American Epochs
Five distinct periods in the history of American urbanization.
Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities.
Urbanization: American Epochs

56. Edge Cities/ Urbanization

57. Ice cream/ starbucks theory
‘Where there is a Target, there is also a….’
Industry –
Locational interdependence
Ice cream/
starbucks theory

58. Industrialization –
Profit maximization
‘$$ make me happy’ guy

59. Connecting Agri/Ind/Medical revs to urbanization

60. https://sites.google.com/site/geographymajortheories/
Good review sites >
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