1. MOLECULE

2. A group of atoms so united or combined by chemical affinity that they form a complete, integrated whole, being the smallest portion of any particular compound that can exist in a free state
Ex: Water H H

3. Inorganic

4. Relating or belonging to the class of compounds not having a carbon basis
Water and Oxygen are inorganic; do not
contain carbon.
Water = H20
Oxygen = O2

5. Organic

6. relating or belonging to the class of chemical compounds having a carbon basis
Methanol and Glucose is organic;
containing carbon H
Methanol= CH3OH H C OH

7. Polarity of water

8. Water has a slightly positive and negative charge on different sides.
Hydrogen
Oxygen

9. Density

10. The ratio of mass, or quantity of matter
the spatial property of being crowded together
Less dense
More dense

11. Solvent

12. a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances"the solvent does not change its state in forming a solution"
Ex: In making Koolaid, the water is the solvent and the koolaid powder and sugar are the solutes.

13. pH
Acids and bases

14. The measure Of hydrogen ions On a solution Determines the pH of the
Bases: pH over 7
Acids: pH under 7
Neutral=7
alcohol

15. Macromolecule

16. any very large complex molecule; found only in plants and animals
Ex: proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, DNA

17. Carbohydrates

18. an essential structural component of living cells and source of energy for animals; includes simple sugars with small molecules as well as macromolecular substances
are classified according to the number of monosaccharide groups they contain; monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide

19. Monosaccharide

20. The smallest unit of a carbohydrate.
Two link together to form a disaccharide and many link together to form a polysaccharide
Mono(one): glucose, fructose, galactose
Di(two): Lactose, sucrose, maltose
Poly(many): cellulose, starch,
glycogen

21. Triglyceride

22. glyceride occurring naturally in animal and vegetable tissues; it consists of three individual fatty acids bound together in a single large molecule; an important energy source forming much of the fat stored by the body

23. Minerals

24. An inorganic species or substance occurring in nature
Nutrient needed to help various cell part
EX: magnesium, calcium, iron

25. Vitamins

26. any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism
Ex. Vitamin C (healthy cell membranes,
wound healing)
Vitamin K (fat-soluble vitamin ,helps in
the clotting of blood
Vitamin D (bone growth)

27. Lipid

28. an oily organic compound insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents; essential structural component of living cells
Made up of a unit
of glycerol that
attaches 1-3 fatty
acids
* Long carbon chains
High energy/calorie
Ex: fats, waxes, oils

29. Protein

30. any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legume

31. Amino Acid

32. *The units that make up proteins
*There are 22 essential amino acids needed
to make proteins in your body.
*Amino acids link together at the nitrogen forming peptide bonds.

33. Chemical reaction

34. *reactants
*products

35. Enzyme

36. any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactions
Increase rate of reaction and reduce the amount of
Energy required ( activation energy)
Note:
In the lab, you used the enzyme catalase from a potato and added it to the Substrate, Hydrogen peroxide, to produce water and oxygen.
Catalase
H2O  O H2O
Hydrogen peroxide Oxygen Water

37. Enzyme-substrate Complex

38. When an enzyme and substrate fit together they change
shape slightly and the reaction takes place.
The enzyme returns to normal and can be reused.
“Induced fit”
reused

39. Active site

40. *The pocket or groove on an enzyme where the substrate fits.
*One substrate fits to one specific enzyme
like a “key in a lock”
Active site
Substrates
Enzyme

41. DNA and RNA

42. Nucleic acids composed of nucleotides
A nucleotide contains one sugar (deoxyribose or ribose), one phosphate group and one of 4 bases. These link together to form the DNA or RNA
phosphate
base
sugar

43. DNA

44. Deoxyribonucleic acid
Carries the genetic code that is carried to the cytoplasm in the form of RNA
Contains the code that
determines the production
of proteins that determine
how living organisms look
and function
Bases: A. T, C, G
Double stranded
Replicates
stays in nucleus

45. RNA

46. Ribonucleic acid
Reads the code of DNA and bring the message to the cytoplasm where proteins are made.
Sugar= ribose
Bases= A,G,C,Uracil
Single stranded

47. Starch

48. A polysaccharide; many glucose molecules attached together.
A complex carbohydrate
For energy storage in plants.
Ex: bread, crackers, corn contain starches

49. Cellulose

50. A carbohydrate made of many glucose molecules bond together like a bundle of
straws where one straw is a chain of glucose.
*makes up most of plant material for structure
and support of plants
EX: cell wall is make of cellulose