1. protein

2. hemoglobin

3. insulin

4. antibody

5. How do you think the message gets from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!?
Think, Pair, Share
Genes that are made of DNA are the instructions for making proteins. DNA is found in the nucleus.
BUT! Proteins are made by ribosomes in the cytoplasm.
How do you think the message gets from the nucleus to the cytoplasm!?

6. NUCLEUS enzyme U T nucleus genetic nucleus ribosomes messenger nucleus
Make an mRNA strand with a “message” from the DNA
NUCLEUS
genetic
nucleus
ribosomes
messenger
nucleus
ribosome
enzyme
mRNA
U T
nucleus
cytoplasm

7. SINGLE
DOUBLE
RIBOSE
A, U, G, C
A, T, G, C

9. U A G G C U C A A

10. Transcription Animation
/molgenetics/transcription.swf

11. You do:
Venn Diagram
mRNA

12. Do Now What is the first step in protein synthesis?
In your own words, what happens during this step?
Transcribe the following DNA strand:
ATTCCGAAATC
4. What are some differences between RNA and DNA? Similarities?
5. Where does the first step of protein synthesis take place in the cell?

13. Tracking Your Data

17. Soo.. where are we?

18. ribosome reads amino acid ribosome peptide
The ribosome converts the mRNA message into a polypeptide (protein)!
Cytoplasm - ribosome
mRNA
nucleus
cytoplasm
mRNA
protein
ribosome
reads 3
tRNA
amino acid
ribosome
peptide
polypeptide

20. Remember: codons = 3 bases
Example:
AGU=
GCC=

22. What is this stop codon?!

23. What is this start/initiator codon?!
Always AUG

24. Example: - CCC = __________ - CCU = __________ - CCG = __________1 1
neutral
See for yourself!
Example:
- CCC = __________
- CCU = __________
- CCG = __________
- CCA = __________
Original DNA:
G G G = ______
Mutated DNA:
G G A = ______

25. Translation Animation
/molgenetics/translation.swf

26. A U C C G A G U U

30. Do Now Find the complementary DNA strand? TAC-CGT-CCC-ATT
2. Transcribe this DNA strand?
3. After translation, the resulting amino acid chain would be_______________?
3. Explain why there are some amino acids that can be made with multiple codons.
4. Where in the cell does translation take place?
5. What is the role of tRNA?

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35. Transcription/Translation Animation

36. Transcription and Translation

38. What happens next?
Proteins can become modified and shipped by the GOLGI!! Remember Unit 3?? Let’s Watch!
/cellstructures/endomembrane%20protein%20synt hesis.swf

39. Do Now 1. What are the steps for DNA replication?
2. Why does DNA replicate?
3. What are the 6 steps of cell division? Which of those steps is considered mitosis?
4. Draw what happens in metaphase.
5. What is the first step of protein synthesis?
6. Transcribe (find the mRNA) and then translate (find the tRNA and the amino acid sequence) the following DNA strand:
TACAAGCCCGAGTTAACT

40. Do Now What is the structure labeled “X”?
Use the diagram below to answer questions 1-5
What is the structure labeled “X”?
What molecule is labeled “Y”?
What molecules are Glycine, Arginine, Leucine?
Describe the process that is being shown here.
Where does this process take place in the cell? Y

41. Insertion deletion substitution
DNA sequence
negative
Insertion deletion substitution
Pg U4-20

42. deleted
inserted
AAA CCT TTG GG
AAA CCC ATT TGG G
ACA CCC TTT GGG

43. If you were born in… January or February: #1 March or April: #2
May or June: #3
July or August: #4
September or October: #5
November or December: #6

45. Let’s Practice!

46. You Try it Out!

47. Sickle cell anemia

48. DNA Mutations Practice