1. Mutations

2. Warm Up 3/28/16 Write the complementary DNA strand to this code:
ATC GTT CGA ATC ACC CAG CGC

3. Normal Sequence
Remember, this is an analogy, not a “real” DNA sequence
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT

4. THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence:
Normal Sequence:
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
THE BIZ FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Missense substitution
Diseases caused by this mutation:
Achondroplasia (form of dwarfism)

5. Normal Sequence
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
THE BIG RAT
Example of Nonsense Substitution
Diseases caused by this mutation:
Muscular dystrophy (progressive weakening of muscles in the body)

6. THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT Mutated Sequence:
Normal Sequence:
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
THB IGF ATC ATA TET HEW ETR AT
Example of Deletion of nucleotide (frameshift)
Diseases caused by this mutation:
Cystic fibrosis

7. Normal Sequence
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
THE BIG ZFA TCA TAT ETH EWE TRA
Insertion (causing frameshift)
Diseases caused by mutation:
Crohn’s disease

8. Normal:
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
THE BIG FAT FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Duplication
Diseases caused by mutation:
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease

9. Normal Sequence:
THE BIG FAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Mutated Sequence:
G1: THE BIG FAT CAT CAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
G2: THE BIG FAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT CAT ATE THE WET RAT
Expanding mutation (tandem repeats)
Diseases caused by mutations:
Huntington’s disease: This is a mutation that does not begin to show symptoms until adulthood. Brain cells will waste away.

10. Causes of mutations: Sometimes they just happen Mutagens:
Environmental factors such as radiation and chemicals damage DNA
UVA and UVB radiation can cause malignant melanoma to develop (the deadly form of skin cancer)

11. Somatic vs Sex Cell mutation
Somatic (Body) cell mutation:
Example: Skin Cancer.
Only the affected skin cells will have mutation
Sex Cell mutation:
Example: muscular dystrophy
Cells mutated during embryo development
Each cell in the offspring will have the mutation

12. Due Today Transcription/translation WS
DNA Double Helix (if you didn’t turn it in)
Due Thursday: Vocab
Quiz: Wednesday
Test: Thursday