1. LS.6 Ecosystems
The student will investigate and understand that organisms within an ecosystem are dependent on one another and on nonliving components of the environment.

2. Snapshot A _____ is an organisms role in its community.
An ecosystem is made up of all of the _______ and ________ in an environment.
A _______ is all of the organisms of the same species in an area.
All organisms need __________ to survive.

3. Ecosystems All of the living and nonliving things in an area.
Organisms depend on it for all needs (food, water, shelter, energy, space, & gases).
Made up of many cycles
Ecology
Study of how organisms interact with each other and their nonliving environment

4. Energy in an Ecosystem All organisms need energy to survive.
2 ways to obtain energy
Make your own = Producers
Photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Ex. Green plants
Eat other organisms = Consumers
-Vore = eater ( types of consumers end in this suffix)

5. 4 Types of Consumers Herbivores = plant eaters
Ex. Rabbits, deer
Omnivores = plant & animal eaters
Ex. Pigs, humans
Carnivores = animal/ meat eaters
Ex. Frogs, lions
Detrivores or Decomposers = eat waste or dead organisms
Recycle
Ex. Earthworms, fungi

6. Predator vs. Prey
Predator- consumer that hunts for other consumers for food
Prey- consumer that is eaten
Ex. Cat and mouse

7. Trophs Autotrophs = producers Heterotrophs = consumers
Organisms that make their own food
Heterotrophs = consumers
Organisms that cannot make their own food

8. Food Chain Show eating relationships of organisms
Show direction of energy travel/ flow
Ex. Grass  cow  human
Producer,  herbivore omnivore
Food web- shows all possible food chains in an ecosystem

9. Energy Pyramids
Shows amount of energy available on each feeding level in an ecosystem
Organisms use energy from food that they eat for life processes
Only ~ 10% is available to go to next level
Amount of energy available decreases as you move up the energy pyramid.

10. Energy Pyramid
Least
Carnivores
Herbivores
Producers
Most

12. Food Web

13. Snapshot
_____ shows the energy that is available on each feeding level in an ecosystem.
____ show 2 or more over-lapping food chains.
_____ are consumers that eat dead matter.
_____ mainly eat meats for energy.

15. Parts of an Ecosystem Biotic = living factors (things in an ecosystem)
Things that were alive or that are alive
Ex. Plants, animals
Abiotic= nonliving factors
Ex. Water, air, soil, temperature, sunlight, climate
Decide what organisms can live there

17. Snapshot _____ are at the base of every energy pyramid.
____ should be at the end of a food chain.
____ consume both plants and animals. (give three different names)
_____ eat only plants. (give three different names).

18. Types of Relationships
Symbiosis (Symbiotic Relationships)
Two or more organisms interacting together
One or both benefit
3 Types
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism

19. Mutualism Both organisms benefit It’s mutual!
Ex. fungus and cyanobacteria
Algae provides energy for both
Fungus provides home
Both benefit

20. Commensalism One organism benefits
Other organism is not helped or harmed
Want some leftovers?
Ex. bird living in hole in tree
Bird has a home
Tree is not helped or hurt

21. Parasitism One organism (parasite) benefits
Other organism (host) is harmed
Ex. 1 Tick & Dog
Tick benefits from dog’s blood
Dog can become sick & weak
Ex. 2 tapeworm & human

22. Competition Organisms fight for same resources Food Mates Habitat
Ex. Tigers & lions both eat wildebeest

23. Snapshot _____ is when organisms work together to gain resources.
_____ is when organisms fight over resources.
______ is when organisms interact in a community and one or more benefit.
A lichen is an example of _________.
_____ shows the energy that is available on each feeding level in an ecosystem.
____ show 2 or more over-lapping food chains.
_____ are consumers that eat dead matter.
_____ mainly eat meats for energy.

24. 2.___________________________
1.___________________________
3.___________________________
4.___________________________

25. Cycles in Nature Earth contains fixed (nonchanging) amount of : Water
Carbon
Nitrogen
These cycle through and are reused in the environment

26. Water Cycle
How water moves back & forth from surface of Earth to atmosphere
4 main steps
Evaporation- liquid to gas
Transpiration- water vapor from plants & animals
Condensation-gas to liquid in clouds
Precipitation

28. Carbon cycle
Shows how carbon (C ) moves between the living & nonliving world.
Carbon is in molecules that make up organisms
Absorbed by
Producers get CO2 from air during photosynthesis
Released by
Respiration
Burning fossil fuels (gas, coal)
When dead organisms decay

29. Nitrogen Cycle
Transferring nitrogen from atmosphere, to soil, to organisms, & back
Nitrogen used in making proteins
Transformed by lightning or bacteria in dirt
Nitrogen fixation
Plants use to make cells

30. Then comes down as precipitation, yes it does!
Water Cycle By Lori-Ann Phelan Sang to the tune of She'll Be Coming Around the Mountain
Water travels in a cycle, yes it does (use pointer finger to make a big circle)
Water travels in a cycle, yes it does (repeat finger circle)
It goes up as evaporation (moves hands up to the sky)
Forms clouds as condensation (make a cloud overhead with arms)
Then comes down as precipitation, yes it does!

31. 2.___________________________
1.___________________________
3.___________________________
4.___________________________

32. Snapshot
During thunderstorms, what can change nitrogen gas into compounds that organisms can use?
Rain
Clouds
Lightning
What lives on plant roots that can form nitrogen compounds that organisms need to live?
Fungus
Algae
Bacteria
Viruses

33. Types of Ecosystems
2 Main Types
Terrestrial = land
Aquatic = water

34. Terrestrial Ecosystems
Deserts
Forests
Grasslands
Called biomes
29.2 % of earth covered by land
Support less life than aquatic

35. Aquatic Ecosystems 70.8 % of earth Marine = Saltwater Freshwater
Oceans, seas, lakes
97% of water on earth
Freshwater
Groundwater, lakes, rivers, ponds, glaciers
3% of water on earth

36. Salty & Fresh Estuary Place where saltwater and freshwater meet
Home to many species
Ex. Chesapeake Bay
One of largest estuaries
Freshwater rivers meet with the Atlantic Ocean

37. Snapshot
Which of the following is an example of a freshwater ecosystem?
Wetland
Estuary
Coral reef
Deep ocean
Which of the following is an example of a saltwater ecosystem?
Pond
River
Stream
estuary