1. Deny A. Kwary http://www.kwary.net
Sentential Semantics

2. Thematic Roles Agent: The entity that performs the action
Theme: The entity undergoing an action or a movement
Source: The starting point of a movement
Goal: The end point of a movement
Location: The place where an action occurs

3. Examples The laird sent the salmon from Inverness to Edinburgh
Agent Theme Source Goal
The Barbarians practiced at Twickenham
Agent Location
Terry gave the keys to Mary
Agent Theme Goal

4. Exercise #10, pp

5. Sentential relations (1)
Paraphrase: Two sentences that can have the same meaning.
a. The police chased the burglar &
The burglar was chased by the police.
b. Paul bought a car from Sue &
Sue sold a car to Paul

6. Sentential Relations (2)
Entailment: a relation in which the truth of one sentence necessarily implies the truth of another.
Examples of asymmetrical entailment.
a. The park wardens killed the tiger.
& The tiger is dead.
b. Robin is a man
& Robin is human

7. Sentential Relations (3)
Contradiction: When two sentences cannot both be true.
a. Charles is a bachelor.
b. Charles is married.

8. Exercise #12, p. 227

9. Metaphor: The understanding of one concept in terms of another
Happy or Sad?
1. I’m feeling up
Happy
2. Her spirits sank
Sad
3. That boosted my spirits
Happy
4. The height of ecstacy
Happy
5. The depths of misery
Sad
6. He fell into a depression
Sad
Emotions: Happy is Up; Sad is down

10. Idioms Two central features of idioms: For example:
The meaning of the idiomatic expression cannot be deduced by examining the meanings of its parts.
The expression is fixed both grammatically and lexically.
For example:
Put a sock in it = ‘stop talking’

11. Can you identify the meanings of the following idioms?
A high flyer.
A person who is very ambitious.
By word of mouth.
In a spoken form.
On the house.
Free for the customers.
Hot spot
A place of political danger.
A lively nightclub.
An area on the screen which can be clicked on to start an operation such as loading a file.
An area where you can get connected to the Internet through a wireless network.