1. IB World History Prescribed subject 2: Conquest and its impact
Early History of Spain

2. Geography and Language in The Iberian peninsula
IBWORLD HISOTRY
Geography and Language in The Iberian peninsula

3. Geography- The Iberian Peninsula
Location: southwestern tip of European continent
Modern day : Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and the British colony of Gibraltar

4. Ancient References Greeks referred to the whole peninsula as “Iberia”
Romans called it “Hispania”
Region has always been multi-ethnic, multi-religious, and multi-cultural
Roman aqueduct in Segovia, Spain

5. Languages in Iberian Peninsula
Most languages derived from Latin (Romance Languages)
Legacy of centuries of Roman occupation
1. Castillian (Spanish)
2. Portuguese
3. Galician (Gallego) – still spoke by 3 million people in Northwest Spain

6. Languages in Iberian Peninsula
4. Catalan – related to the medieval language of Southern France, Occitan.
5. Aragonese – Romance language spoken in Aragon and Catalonia
6. Euskerra – language of Basque people. One of Europe’s oldest spoken languages. Predates Romance languages.

7. Languages in Iberian Peninsula
7. Arabic – came to Iberia with the Islamic conquerors in 8th century
Some Spanish words are of Arabic origin
Ex: Ojala (hopefully) comes from “Ma sha allah” which means “should God will it”
Similarities Between Spanish and Arabic – Annenberg Media, 2015

8. Languages in Iberian Peninsula
8. Hebrew – common language of Medieval Jewish communities

9. What is the Relationship Between Language, Conquest, and Power?
By The original uploader was Alexandre Vigo at Galician Wikipedia - Transferred from gl.wikipedia to Commons., CC BY-SA 3.0,

10. Roman occupation of spain 3rd century bce – 4th century ce
IBWORLD HISTORY
Roman occupation of spain 3rd century bce – 4th century ce

11. Roman Occupation of Spain
Roman conquest at end of 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE
________0_______
Romans imposed language, political and judicial , religious institutions
Influenced language

12. Roman Occupation of Spain- Religion
Religious observance followed political power
People worshiped Greek and Roman gods
polytheistic

13. Roman Occupation of Spain- Religion
Christianity entered Hispania (Spain) in the 2nd century
Roman Emperor Constantine legalized Christianity in 312CE
In 2014, a 4th century plate depicting Christian belief was found in Spain ->

14. Jaen Plate, 2014 – Early CHRISTIANITY IN SPAIN

15. Roman Occupation of SpAIN- Urban design
Romans built cities modeled after Rome
Introduced Roman Architecture and engineering

16. Urban Planning by Romans in Spain
Romans laid out towns on a common rectilinear pattern
Cardus – main north -south street
Intersects…
Decumanus – main east -west street
Usually to form a square

17. Urban Planning by Romans in Spain
Romans built infrastructure
Aqueducts
bridges,
roads
temples
public baths
schools
Amphitheatres/ stadiums

18. Roman Occupation of Spain
Established important centers of trade
Port of Tarraco (now Tarragona)
Corduba (now Cordoba)
Merida

19. Tarragona, Spain

20. The Ancient Roman Empire in the west
Start 11:49

21. The fall of the roman empire
Rome was sacked by Germanic tribes in 410CE
The Roman Empire fell in 476ce after an invasions from Germanic groups
Start: 34:19

22. The visigothic kingdom in spain
IBHW
The visigothic kingdom in spain

23. Why did the visigoths invade the roman empire?
1. They felt oppressed by the Romans
2. As Visigoths’ population rose, they wanted more land
3. Roman agricultural land was more fruitful
4. They wanted to flee from the Huns from Central Asia

24. Who were the visigoths? Made up of an amalgamation of Germanic tribes
Served as federates of the Roman Empire (acted as mercenaries in exchange for subsidies)

25. The visigoths and religion
Converted to Arian Christianity in the 4th century
Arian Christianity – the belief that God the son was a lesser figure than God the father

26. The visigoths and religion
Christian conversion credited to a missionary named Ulfila or Wulfila in 4th century
Tools of Conversion:
He developed a Goth alphabet
Gothic written language
translated bible into Goth language

27. The visigoths and religion
In 586CE Visigoth King Reccared announced conversion to Catholicism
The rest of the royal family and those in position of power followed
Probably converted for political reasons

28. The visigoths and religion
The Gothic language faded away in Spain because it was connected to Arian Christianity (considered a heretical belief)
As a result, Vulgar Latin replaced Gothic as the spoken language

29. Visigothic leadership & Power
Kings elected by the nobility and Bishops (first Arian then Catholic)
Royal rule was supposed to be pious, merciful, and just
“King you will be if you do right… and if you do not do right, you will not be king”.

30. Visigothic lEADERSHIP & Power
What are the potential weakness of the Visigoth’s political structure?
“King you will be if you do right… and if you do not do right, you will not be king”. –

31. The visigothic code of laws- Document analysis
"Laws form the most important portion of a nation's history," for from them, more impartially than from any other source, we derive information of the customs, virtues, vices, political ethics, faults, follies, and religious prejudices of a people. Especially is this true of the Visigothic Code. “ – S.P. SCOTT
1. each group will choose a book to read and analyze.
2. What are the values and limitations of your doc?
3. What do the laws you analyzed tell us about the the Visigoths?

32. The LAST VISIGOTH KING OF SPAIN
King Roderick was elected in710 by a group of nobles
But he was betrayed…

33. The LAST VISIGOTH KING OF SPAIN
By his own son Akhila!!
His son encouraged and helped Muslim groups invade and attack King Roderick’s kingdom
711CE the kingdom of the Visigoths fell to Muslims
Muslims controlled portions of Spain form

34. The legacy of the visigoths
Roman traditions were entrenched in language, law, architecture before Visigoths arrived
Possible contributions:
Christianity
DNA
Names
Few Visigothic buildings survive

35. Legacy of the visigoths – King Pelayo
Pelayo – survived initial Muslim invasion 711
Fled to the north
Was elected king
Founded the Christian Kingdom of Asturias
Came to symbolize Christian resistance against Muslim rule…

36. Visigothic Architecture in SPAIN

37. 
The end