1. Jan. 3, 2018 You need: Clean paper (2) / pencil
Cloud model (cut/color/paste)
Warm Up:
Mental Math Quiz will begin shortly. Be ready!
I CAN: use symbols to communicate weather data.
Jan. 3, 2018
Please note that we had internet issues and weather-related early dismissal. So this PowerPoint may have been covered a bit differently than intended.
Students were asked to answer questions about Hurricane Names, Hurricane Floyd, and Hurricane Katrina. More information about weather station models needs to be covered…

2. HEAT TRANSFER

3. Condensation
Precipitation
Transpiration
Run-off
heat
Flows
Evaporation
ocean
largest 75
process
moves
earth
atmosphere

4. But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler.
If you’re wearing a black shirt on a sunny day, you will feel REALLY warm.
But if you’re wearing white, you will stay cooler.

5. This is because dark colors ABSORB more sunlight than lighter colors.

6. The air over this part of South America might be cool…
While the air over this part is warmer.
This is called UNEVEN HEATING.

7. Cold air moves pretty slowly, and stays pretty tightly packed together:

8. Hot air, on the other hand, goes really fast and expands to fill more space.

9. So, hot air is LESS DENSE than cold air.

10. So, since hot air is less dense than the surrounding air, it rises, leaving a low-density, low-pressure area behind.
Low pressure

11. This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!
Nearby cold air can then rush in to fill low-pressure area left by the rising hot air.
This rushing in of cold air is what we call… WIND!!

12. UNEVEN HEATING
The uneven heating of the air that causes wind is created not only by different colors on Earth’s surface, but also by:
Different surfaces (grass vs. snow vs. water, etc.)
Pollution in some areas
Different amounts of sunlight due to seasons, clouds, etc.

13. So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
During the day, the air over the sand is hotter than the air over the water because the water takes longer to heat up in the Sun.
So the wind in the daytime blows TOWARD the beach.
WARMER
COOLER

14. So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
But at night, the air over the water is warmer than the air over the sand, because water HOLDS heat longer than the ground.
So the wind blows toward the ocean at night.
COOLER
WARMER

15. Sea Breeze

16. Land Breeze

17. Climate vs Weather Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = overall pattern, trend
small scale = daily, weekly, small times
Global vs Local winds
LARGE scale = Over the entire Earth
small scale = tiny area…usually land beside water.

18. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

19. United States of America

20. Coriolis Effect – the effect on the air caused by the rotation of the earth.

21. Global winds 1 2 3 4 5 Polar easterlies Prevailing westerlies
Horse latitudes 4
Trade winds 5
Equator / Doldrums

22. Air Masses & Fronts

23. What is an AIR MASS? WARM COLD WET DRY
An air mass is a huge body of air that influences weather.
Scientists classify air masses based on:
TEMPERATURE and HUMIDITY
WARM
COLD
WET
DRY

24. Air Masses are named based on where they FORMED…
= TROPICAL
= POLAR
= MARITIME (means sea… wet)
= CONTINENTAL (means land… dry)
WARM
COLD
WET
DRY

25. How are Air Masses named?
WET
DRY
MARITIME
TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL
TROPICAL
WARM
MARITIME
POLAR
CONTINENTAL
POLAR
COLD

26. North American Air Masses
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

27. How do these air masses move?
MARITIME POLAR
CONTINENTAL POLAR
MARITIME POLAR
Jet Stream
That’s why weather generally moves WEST to EAST
in the U.S.
Jet Stream
Prevailing Westerlies
Prevailing Westerlies
MARITIME TROPICAL
MARITIME TROPICAL
CONTINENTAL TROPICAL

28. What happens when air masses meet?
Air masses don’t mix easily.
The line between air masses is called a front.

29. COLD FRONTS

30. WARM FRONTS

31. Compare/Contrast Chart - Types of Fronts
How it Forms
Type of Weather
Cold
A fast-moving cold air mass overtakes a warm air mass.
Clouds form.
If warm air is humid, rain/snow may fall.
Possible thunderstorms.
Warm Front
A warm air mass overtakes a slow-moving cold air mass.
Scattered clouds.
Light rain or snow.
May last several days.
Stationary Front
Cold and warm air meet, but neither can move the other. Creates “standoff”
Rain, snow, clouds, or fog that may last for days.
Occluded Front
A warm air mass is caught between 2 cooler air masses. Warm air mass is pushed up.
Temperature gets cooler.
Clouds and rain may form.

32. Surface Map (Fronts & Precipitation)
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

33. Temperature Map

34. Reading maps
Isobar…lines connecting areas of similar BAR-ometric pressure.
Isotherm…lines connecting areas of similar temperature.

35. H L What will happen to the weather in Little Rock?
Which direction is the warm front moving? L H
12°C
19°C
14°C
20°C
25°C
Tuesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Clouds & Rain
Warmer = 21°C
Wednesday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Partly Sunny
Warmer = 26°C
Monday Weather
Little Rock, AR
Sun & clear skies
Cool = 15°C
28°C
21°C
26°C
15°C
30°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

36. Which direction is the cold front moving?
What will happen to the weather in Nashville?
10°C
8°C
18°C
10°C
11°C
Thursday Weather
Nashville, TN
Partly Sunny
Warm = 20°C
Saturday Weather
Nashville, TN
Sunny
Cool = 10°C
Friday Weather
Nashville, TN
Thunderstorms
Cooler = 15°C
10°C
20°C
15°C
Warm Front H
High Pressure
Occluded Front L
Low Pressure
Cold Front
Stationary Front

37. How do clouds form? 1) Warm, moist air rises and cools.
3) Water vapor condenses forming a cloud.
2) Air cools to dew point causing condensation.
How do clouds form?

38. Clouds are classified according to SHAPE
Flat clouds =
“Stratus”
Fluffy clouds =
“Cumulus”
Wispy clouds =
“Cirrus”

39. Clouds are also classified by ALTITUDE
HIGH LEVEL (cirro-)
MID LEVEL (alto-)
LOW LEVEL (stratus)

40. Weather Station Model Why not write it out in a paragraph?
How can we use symbols to help?

41. Emergency ready?
List 5 items that you would pack into an emergency kit for each situation (5 per kit):
Hurricane - ?
Blizzard - ?
Flood - ?

42. H A C Check the visual for Station # 1. Temp = A = 52 deg F
Wind direction = WEST
Wind speed = 20 knots C
Temp = A = 52 deg F
Dew Point = C = 46 deg F
Barometric Pressure = H = 064 millibars

44. Hurricane Sandy
10/27/12- After sweeping across the Caribbean, causing at least 40 deaths in Cuba and Haiti, Hurricane Sandy is on a path toward the U.S. eastern coast. Currently projected to make landfall near Delaware early Tuesday, its 75-mph winds are already threatening the coast of North Carolina.
Because it is expected to collide with two winter weather systems as it progresses inland, meteorologists are predicting that it will bring torrential rain, high winds and up to two feet of snow. After landfall, it could advance throughout New England and the mid-Atlantic states.
Though it is impossible to be sure what will happen next, those who live on the Eastern seaboard should prepare for days without electricity. Extra food and water, plus emergency radios and spare batteries, should be on hand.

45. STATS
The hurricane caused tens of billions of dollars in damages; New York was most severely impacted due to damage to subways and roadway tunnels.
West Virginia and Tennessee received nearly three feet of snow as a result of the storm.
In New York and New Jersey, the storm surges were higher than 13 feet above the average low tide.
At the height of the storm, more than 7.5 million people were without power. For some residents, power would not return for weeks.
It is estimated that the storm caused $50 billion in losses, placing it among the worst disasters ever to hit the U.S.

46. Video Footage

47. Hurricane names You have a list on your table… “Atlantic Names”
These are names given to the storms that are “born” in the Atlantic Ocean.
What patterns do you see?

48. What do we “do” with a storm?
In the interest of information, we typically track a storm.
Path – and therefore ability to warn
Intensity – and again, ability to warn
By tracking we can better understand and predict. We know WHO to warn and WHAT type of warning to give (evacuate or just “hunker down”)

49. What do we “do” with a storm?
Tracking helps us to keep people safe, but it’s also helpful to analyze our reactions after the fact. If you have an emergency plan, more lives can be saved, recovery afterward is quicker. What if the plan doesn’t work? What if you don’t have a plan – wouldn’t analyzing reactions to previous storms help you to create an effective plan?

50. Hurricane Floyd Hit North Carolina September 1999
Hit about two weeks after Hurricane Dennis hit a similar path/area
Flood waters were more damaging than wind speeds
Let’s see the Storm Stories episode (disc 2)

51. Hurricane Dennis
Hurricane Floyd
TS and TD (up to 73)
Sept.8, 1999
Cat 1 (74-95)
Sept.16, 1999

52. Hurricane Katrina Hit New Orleans…which is below sea level
August (23-31), 2005
Hit about six weeks after Hurricane Dennis (of 2005)
Category 3…but was coming down from 5
Wind speeds of up to 175 mph
BIGGEST damage was after the storm…
Let’s see the Storm Stories episode (disc 5?)