1. Surface-Engineered Gold Nanorods: Promising DNA Vaccine Adjuvant for HIV-1 Treatment
Jihui Lee
OCT 25, 2016

2. Statistics: AIDS More than 60 million people Nearly half of them died
6500 new infections daily
HIV-1 Vaccine: safety and efficacy issues

3. DNA Vaccines Advantages: Disadvantages:
Long-lived cellular immunity + humoral immunity
Protective immunity
Safer, inexpensive for manufacture and storage
Potential for multiple antigens/pathogens
Disadvantages:
Immunogenecity
Poor uptake
DNA degradation by nuclease

4. Adjuvant Aluminum compounds and MF 59: Nanomaterials: AuNRs:
Not active enough cellular immune response
Nanomaterials:
Non viral vehicles
Smaller size
Large surface area-to-volume ratio
Ease of preparation
AuNRs:
Bioimaging, immunoassays, thermal therapy for tumors, drug delivery

5. Internalization Proton Sponge effect
Cell transfection capability by CTAB- (H), PDDAC- (I), and PEI-Au NR (J)
Proton Sponge effect

6. Internalization pEGFP: Cy3-dCTP (nick translation method)
Lysosomes: LysoTrackerGreen DND-26
Mitochondria: MitoTrackerGreen FM

7. Internalization

8. Immunogenicity

9. Immunogenicity :

10. ELISPOT/ELISA

11. Conclusion Immunogenicity: Limitation: Enhance the uptake of DNA
Activate T cell directly
Limitation:
Only intradermal injection
PEI: Cytotoxicity, poor reproducibility