1. WH Chapter 4
Ancient Greece
1900 – 133 BCE

2. First Greek Civilizations

3. Section 1 – Early Greeks and City States
Objectives
1. How did geography influence Greek history?
2. How did the Minoans and Mycenaeans affect Greek civilization?
3. How did Greek city-states develop?

4. Impact of Geography

5. Impact of Geography

6. Impact of Geography
Greece is two mountainous peninsulas, causing the development of several city-states
The Greeks relied on the sea and many Greeks sailed into the Aegean and IonianSeas
The Greeks spread their influence throughout the Mediterranean

7. The Minoan Civilization

8. The Minoan Civilization
By 2800 BCE, the Minoan civilization was established on the island of Crete.
Arthur Evans, British archaeologist, discovered the remains of the city of Knossos
1450 BCE, the Minoans suffered a catastrophe

9. The Minoan Civilization

10. The Minoan Civilization

11. First Greek City State: Mycenae

12. First Greek City State: Mycenae
1600 BCE, the Mycenaean civilization developed
The Mycenaean civilization was discovered by Heinrich Schliemann, German archaeologist
The Mycenaean civilization was made up of powerful monarchies. The royal families lived behind the protection of fortified walls. The royal family were buried in tholos tombs.

13. Mycenaean Architecture

14. First Greek City State: Mycenae
The Mycenaean's were a warrior culture.
They developed an extensive commercial (trade) network.
Homer, Greek storyteller, is known for stories dealing with the Trojan War
Due to wars between the Mycenaean states and earthquakes, the Mycenaean civilization collapsed.

15. City States The Greek word for city-state is polis
Most city-states were built on a hill called an acropolis
Each city-state had a market place called an agora
Each city-state was independent from the others.

16. Greeks in a Dark Age Iron replaced bronze during the Dark Age.
The Greeks adopted the Phoenician alphabet.
Homer’s two great epic poems
Iliad – story of the Trojan War (centered on the character of Achilles)
Odyssey – story of Odysseus’ journey home to Ithaca

17. Homer

18. Greeks in a Dark Age
Homer’s poems established a set of values for Greek men to live by (courage, honor)
The Greek hero struggled for arete(excellence achieved in a battle or contest)

19. Odyssey

20. Create a Polis (City State)
1. Create a city state…create a name.
2. Locate and label the following locations…acropolis (city state government), agora, farmlands (grapes, lemons) pastures (lambs), ampitheatre
3. Who is the god or goddess of your city state…locate and label the temple

21. Greek Government Originally, chieftains ruled the Greek city-states.
Later, Greek city states were controlled by nobles which were known as __________________________________
Heavily armed Greek infantry who carried long spears were known as __________________________________

22. Government…cont.
Leaders who illegally took power but had the people’s support were __________________________________
A government were the people should rule themselves and the citizens take part is a __________________________________

23. Section 2 – The Greek City States
Sparta
The Spartans conquered their neighbors
The captured people were known as helots
Males spent their childhood learning military discipline
Spartan men began military service at age 20…they served until age 60.
Spartan women lived at home and were responsible for maintaining the house

24. Section 2 – The Greek City States
The Spartan government was an oligarchy (a form of government in which all power  is vested in a few persons or in a dominant class or clique; government by  the few.)
Spartans were not allowed to travel abroad.

25. Section 2 – The Greek City States
B. Athenian Economy
Most citizens were farmers (olives, grapes, figs). Used terracing to plant crops. *(Terracing – carving small plots from hillsides).
Established overseas trade –
Imports – goods bought from another country or region)
Exports – goods sold to another country or region

26. Section 2 – The Greek City States
A. Athenian Economy (Cont.
Trade was main part of Athenian economy (Mediterranean trade)
B. Home and Family Life
Citizens lived in simple homes but believed that money should be spent on public buildings to benefit the whole community.
Parents arranged marriages for their daughters at age 13 or 14

27. Section 2 – The Greek City States
B. Home and Family Life
Some babies were abandoned and left to die for financial or health reasons.
Women were considered inferior. Subject to their husband’s authority.
Children were taken care of until age 6
Boys were placed under the care of a pedagogue at age 7.

28. Section 2 – The Greek City States
C. Education and Military Service
Great value on education
Athenians prized physical fitness and intelligence.
Age 18 – military service (hoplites)

29. Section 3 – Expansion of Greece
A. Persian Wars
1. First war
Led by the Persian ruler, Darius
Battle of Marathon – Persians defeated
10 year peace
2. Second War
480 BC – Xerxes, Darius’ son, attacked Greece
Battle of Thermopylae – 300 Spartans
City of Athens destroyed by the Persians
Persians defeated in 479 BC

30. Section 3 – Expansion of Greece
C. Peloponnesian War
431 BC – war broke out between Athens and Sparta (Peloponnesian War) – the city-states sided with Athens or Sparta
Athens placed under siege
Sparta, with the help of Persia, forced Athens to surrender
The Peloponnesian War led to instability and the downfall of Greece

31. Writing Assignment
Describe the society and economy of Ancient (Classical) Athens. Describe daily life for the Athenians.

32. Section Three – Classical Greek Culture
Objectives
1. What were the main religious beliefs and practices of the ancient Greeks?
2. Describe and analyze the architecture, art and plays of Ancient Greece.
3. What are the contributions Socrates, Plato and Aristotle made to philosophy.

33. Religion
Greeks developed stories about their gods and goddesses known as mythology
Where did the gods and goddesses live? Mount Olympus
Special priest and priestesses who were believed to answer questions about the future were oracles
Athletic contests held every 4 years to honor the gods and goddesses were the Olympic Games (776 BCE)

34. Olympic Games

35. Religion

36. Greek Arts
Architecture
Temples
Parthenon
Sculpture

38. Greek Theater
Tragedies
Comedies
Playwright - Sophocles

39. Greek Philosophy Philosophy – organized system of thought
Socrates – used the Socratic method of teaching philosophy to his students
Plato – one of Socrates’ students, searching for reality. What is real?
Aristotle – Plato’s most famous student, analyzed and classified based on observation

40. Section 5 – Expansion of Greece
B. Age of Pericles
Athens placed in charge of the Delian League (alliance of Greek city-states)
Athens reached greatest level under the leadership of Pericles
Increased the size of the Athenian empire
Pericles moved the treasury of the Delian League to Athens