1. Warm Up – February 13
Grab the Guided Notes from the front table and answer the following questions:
Define the following kinds of rule - Monarchy, Aristocracy, Oligarchy, Tyranny
Who fought in the Persian Wars? What two Greek City States led the fight for Greece? Who led Athens during the Second Persian War? What plan did he have to defeat the Persians?
What three goals did Pericles have when taking over leadership of Greece?
What were the two kinds of plays that Greeks created?

2. UNIT 3: Greece and Rome
The Peloponnesian War and Greek Philosophy

3. Peloponnesian War
As Athens grew in wealth, prestige, and power- other city-states began to view it with hostility
Hostility was especially high between Sparta and Athens
Sparta declared war on Athens in 431 B.C.

4. Peloponnesian War Athens – stronger Navy
Sparta – stronger Army - Location- inland – could not be attacked by sea
During 2nd year of war, a plague killed almost one-third of the population of Athens
Two sides sign a truce in 421 BC

5. Peloponnesian War
Truce failed and fighting continued, large amount of Athenians wanted to surrender but a decision was not made and fighting continued
415 BC – Athenians attacked an ally of Sparta – Syracuse
Athenians defeated, surrendered in 404 BC
Following defeat, Athens had lost its empire, power and wealth

6. Greek Philosophy
Following the war, many Athenians lost confidence in democratic government and began to question their values.
People began to seek the truth
Philosophers – means “lovers of wisdom”

7. Philosophers Philosophers based their philosophy on two assumptions:
1. The universe is put together in an orderly way
2. People can understand this order through logic and reason

8. Greek Philosophers Socrates – wanted people to
think about their values
and actions
Plato – wrote about a perfectly
governed society called Utopia

9. Plato’s Perfect Society – “Utopia”
Three groups would exist in Plato’s perfect society:
Farmers and Artisans
Warriors
Ruling Class

10. Greek Philosophy
Aristotle – developed rules of logic Most famous student was Alexander the Great

11. Warm Up – February 14
Grab the handouts from the front table and answer the following questions on a post it:
1. Who fought in the Peloponnesian Wars? What was each of their strengths? Who won? How long did the war last?
2. Who were the three main philosophers in Ancient Greece?
3. Socrates used ___________ to gain knowledge and information, Plato believed in a perfect society called an ___________, and Aristotle used ____________ to question the ways of life
4. Who was Aristotle’s most famous pupil?

12. Unit 3: Greece and Rome
The Fall of Greece and the Rise of Alexander the Great

13. Peloponnesian War Reading
On the same post it as the warm up answer the following questions while reading about the Peloponnesian War:
What were the three causes of the Peloponnesian War?
Why did other city-states dislike Athens?
What was the Peloponnesian League?
Which city-state had the better navy? Which city-state had the better army?
What was Sparta’s strategy to win the war?
What was Athen’s strategy to win the war?
What disaster struck Athens? How much of the population died?
Who won the Peloponnesian War?
How long did the war last?
What were some consequences of the war?

14. Alexander the Great Setting the Stage: Macedonia
Located north of Greece, Macedonia had a rough terrain and cold climate
People lived in mountain villages instead of city-states
Many Macedonians though of themselves as Greeks, however…
The Greeks looked down upon them as uncivilized foreigners

15. Philip II of Macedonia

16. Philip II Philip II of Macedonia
Philip II became king of Macedonia in 359 B.C. at age 23
Trained rugged peasants into a professional army which consisted of:
Phalanx (16 x 16 men)
Each soldier carried an 18 foot pike
Fast moving cavalry (soldiers on horseback)
Philip invades Greece, but not to destroy or enslave the Greeks

17. Philip II Battle of Chaeronea:
Athens & Thebes joined forces to fight Philip’s army
Philip’s army is too powerful and defeats the Greeks
Ends Greek independence; Philip controls Greece
Philip next sets out to defeat the mighty Persian Empire but won’t…
Philip stabbed to death in 336 B.C. at his daughter’s wedding

18. Alexander the Great Alexander the Great Background
Takes over at age 20 after the death of his father Philip II
Taught by Aristotle: learned science, geography & literature
Enjoyed Homer’s description of the heroic deeds of Achilles during the Trojan Wars
Killed 6,000 Thebans in a rebellion; cruelty frightened Greeks into accepting Alexander as their leader

19. Alexander the Great
How Alexander defeats the Persians
Philip wanted to conquer Persia, never had the chance
Alexander leads 35,000 troops into Anatolia (Turkey)
Met 40,000 Persians at Granicus River, Alexander’s army attacks first and is victorious
Darius III responds with army of 50,000-75,000
Macedonians break through weak point, Darius III flees
Result: Alexander has control of Anatolia

20. Alexander the Great Persia: Egypt
332 B.C. Alexander marches into Persian controlled Egypt
Welcomed by the Egyptians as a liberator, crowned pharaoh
Result: Alexander has control of Egypt

21. Alexander the Great Persia: Mesopotamia
Battle of Gaugamela: 250,000 Persians under Darius III
Alexander launched a massive phalanx attack followed by a cavalry charge and the Persian lines crumbled
Again Darius III flees in battle
Result: Alexander has control of all of the Persian Empire!!

22. Alexander’s Empire

23. Alexander the Great Other Conquests
Travels east to India- finds out Darius III was murdered
Soldiers exhausted- 11 years, 11,000 miles- turn back home

24. Alexander the Great
Alexander dies from illness at age of 32, very young

25. Alexander the Great Legacy Now what?
Empire broken into 3 main territories
Would last for centuries

26. Hellenism
Hellenism
Hellenistic Culture: blending of Egyptian, Persian, Greek and Indian influences
Would forever transform Greece and Asia

27. Hellenism Alexandria Center for trade 350 ft light house- first ever
Library with 250,000 scrolls; learning becomes a commodity

28. Hellenism Science and Technology
Euclid: book The Elements became basis for geometry
Archimedes: accurately estimated Pi (3.14)
Hero: used steam power

29. Alexander the Great
Result: Through Philip II’s and Alexander’s conquests of the Greeks, Egyptians, & Persians, ideas would spread and cultures would combine in a way that had never been seen before. After Alexander’s death, the Greek Civilization would gradually decline until many of their achievements and ideas would be absorbed into perhaps the greatest example of Hellenism in history: The Roman Empire.

30. TOD: February 14
Answer the following questions on the same post it as the warm up:
1. How did Greeks view Macedonians? Why were Phillip II and the Macedonians able to invade Greece?
2. What was Alexander the Great’s greatest skill? What lands was he able to conquer?
3. What is the legacy of Alexander The Great?