1. Lesson 1
Early Foreign Policy

2. .
Map

3. By the end of this week, everybody will be able to…
Link to the key themes:
How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?
RECALL HVII’s early foreign policy
EXPLAIN HVII’s later foreign policy (1502-9)
EVALUATE how successful HVII’s later foreign policy was

4. https://play.kahoot.it/#/?quizId=9d302b18-6b40-45c2-b246-0cd206f5a9f5

5. We are going to play a game… You are going to be HVII, and make decisions based on the situations Henry VII faced. Let see if YOU have what it takes to deal with Tudor international relations!

6. Sign another treaty to cement the improving relations.
1502- Relations with Scotland are going better then previously, but still aren’t perfect. You signed the Treaty of Ayton in What will you do?
OPTION A
Sign another treaty to cement the improving relations.
OPTION B
Nothing, relations are good. You do not want to do anything to jeopardise this.
OPTION C
James IV might be willing to listen to you now. You could try to establish your dominance over Scotland now.
In 1502 Henry and James IV signed the Treaty of Perpetual Peace. This ended any intermittent war between England and Scotland. They agreed on how they would administer the border between England and Scotland. This would prevent local cross-border conflict.
What did Henry do?
Out of 210 (140 ok) (70 bad)
30 POINTS
20 POINTS
10 POINTS

7. Suggest that Catherine marry your other son, Henry.
It is 1502 and your oldest son Arthur, dies leaving behind a young bride Catherine. This puts your alliance with Spain in jeopardy. What will you do?
OPTION A
Arrange for Catherine to stay in England as an English princess and marry her to another foreign King later.
OPTION B
Suggest that Catherine marry your other son, Henry.
OPTION C
Keep Catherine in England and demand the Spanish pay the rest of the dowry.
With special dispensation from the Pope, Catherine was betrothed to Henry in However, it would take 6 years for them to marry.
What did Henry do?
In 1504 Catherine's mother died ending the anti-French alliance with England. A conflict over succession meant trade links were weakened. Spain then leant towards France and demanded Catherine's dowry. Henry kept it and funded an anti-Spanish fleet. Yet in 1506 the Spanish succession was secured and so Spain and England were allies again and the marriage took place.
20 POINTS
30 POINTS
10 POINTS

8. 30 POINTS 20 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B
1503 – Queen Elizabeth has died, shortly after giving birth to a daughter. Two of your three sons are already dead. You are very vulnerable, Edmund de la Pole has just moved abroad. What will you do?
OPTION A
Don’t remarry.
OPTION B
Remarry. Potential brides include Joanna of Castile and Burgundy, Margaret of Savoy and Joanna of Napes.
Henry began to consider the possibility of taking a second wife, who might be able to bear him more heirs. He seemed to consider Joanna of Castile/Burgundy, Joanna of Naples and Margaret of Savoy. His first choice appeared to be Queen Joanna of Naples. Ferdinand was keen on this idea, because he wanted to strengthen his ties with Henry as relations with France deteriorated. However, this possibility came to nothing because…
What did Henry do?
30 POINTS
20 POINTS

9. 30 POINTS 20 POINTS 10 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C
Isabella of Castile has died. You and Ferdinand are now rivals for matrimonial stakes… There is no guarantee that Spain will stay united. Whilst Ferdinand has become Regent, Joanna’s husband Phillip (Duke of Burgundy) has ambitions to succeed himself! What will you do?
OPTION A
Become friendly with Phillip by opening discussions about a possible Burgundian bridge for his son, Henry.
What did Henry do?
In 1505 HVII was moving towards friendly relations with Burgundy in case of possible aggression from France. He opened discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. This automatically made relations with Spain worse. Ferdinand turned to France. Louis XII had felt surrounded by Spain, Burgundy and the Netherlands and was ready for friendship. This was cemented in 1505 when Ferdinand married Louis XII’s niece, Germaine de Foix.
OPTION B
Become friendly with Spain, by offering your military support if Phillip tries to succeed to the throne in Spain.
OPTION C
Do nothing, no matter which side you try to be-friend, it will result in annoying the other country
30 POINTS
20 POINTS
10 POINTS

10. 20 POINTS 10 POINTS 30 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C
1506 – Philip of Burgundy has been caught in a storm and sought shelter in England. Phillip wants your support to fight Aragon during the succession battle What will you do?
Henry and Phillip sign the treaty of Windsor in January He recognised Philip as King of Castille, and the two rulers promised mutual defence and assistance against each other’s rebels. By a second treaty, Philip pledged to marry his sister, Margaret, now regent of the Netherlands, to Henry VII. In the April they negotiates the Malus Intercurses which gives the English merchants considerable advantages. It was decided that trade with Burgundy would be free, Philip would not impose duties on sale of English cloth. He also got the Earl of Suffolk handed over to him.
What did Henry do?
OPTION A
Hold him hostage and demand a ransom.
OPTION B
Hand him over to Aragon to make an alliance.
OPTION C
Negotiate a series of treaties with Phillip to strengthen your relations.
20 POINTS
10 POINTS
30 POINTS

11. Offer Burgundy military aid in case of a French invasion
Phillip of Burgundy has died. Joanna is mad with grief and deemed unfit to rule. Ferdinand declares himself King of Castile. The heir in Burgundy is 6 year old (Archduke Charles), with Margaret of Savoy acting as Regent for her nephew. France might try to take some of Burgundy. What would you do?
OPTION A
Offer Burgundy military aid in case of a French invasion
OPTION B
Call off trade disagreements with Burgundy. Discuss marriage alliances with Burgundy/ France.
OPTION C
Ferdinand is now the biggest threat to other rulers. Formalise your alliance with him!
Henry thought his best hope now was friendship between England, Netherlands and France. It allowed Henry to end temporary disagreements over trade with Burgundy. There were several plans for marriage alliances involving these countries, with the intention of isolating Ferdinand in Spain.
What did Henry do?
10 POINTS
30 POINTS
20 POINTS

12. 30 POINTS 10 POINTS 20 POINTS OPTION A OPTION B OPTION C
1508- the League of Cambrai has been created. Louis XII and Ferdinand of Spain came together with Archduke Charles and the Pope in an alliance against Venice. It looks as though you have been left isolated!
OPTION A
Don’t do anything. Whilst you are isolated, you are not the enemy, Italy is.
OPTION B
Strengthen your alliance with Italy. You have been isolated, and don’t want to appear weak/withdraw from Europe altogether.
OPTION C
Ask to join the League, and risk your trade with Venice. Being allies with continental Europe is more important than trade with Venice.
Henry did nothing (he died soon after…). However, by not doing anything straight away, attention was taken away from England and towards Italy.
What did Henry do?
30 POINTS
10 POINTS
20 POINTS

13. 1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
Tudor Timeline!
You are going to create a timeline, explaining HVII’s later foreign policy
Treaty of Perpetual Peace
Arthur’s death and impact
Death of Elizabeth and impact
Death of Isabella and impact
Phillip in England
Death of Phillip and impact
League of Cambrai

14. What was HVII’s later foreign policy determined by?
Security
What was HVII’s later foreign policy determined by?
International recognition
Trade
Avoiding foreign entanglement
Why? What does this suggest about HVII’s foreign policy more generally?
Securing the dynasty

15. Lesson 2

17. What is the Question? League of Cambrai 1503 Joanna of Naples
Archduke Charles
Treaty of Windsor
Administer the border between Scotland and England
Germaine de Foix

18. By the end of this week, everybody will be able to…
Link to the key themes:
How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?
RECALL HVII’s early foreign policy
EXPLAIN HVII’s later foreign policy ( )
EVALUATE how successful HVII’s later foreign policy was

19. So far we have looked at Henry’s foreign policy chronologically
So far we have looked at Henry’s foreign policy chronologically. Now we are going to revise/analyse HVII’s foreign policy, by looking at how he dealt with specific countries. Firstly, you will be given a country, your job is to recall any foreign policy between that country and HVII

20. 1485: Scotland and England make a truce
1485-6: Navigation Acts
: Bretton Crisis
1489: Treaty of Media del Campo
1490 Venice and Florence
1496: Intercursus Magnus
1497: Truce at Ayton
1502: Arthur dies
1503: Queen Elizabeth dies
1505: Isabella of Castile dies
1506: Phillip stuck in England (3 treaties)
1506: Death of Phillip
1502: Treaty of Perpetual Peace
1508: League of Cambrai

21. Spain Burgundy HRE France Brittany Scotland Italy
1489: Treaty of Media del Campo
1502: Arthur dies
1503: Queen Elizabeth dies
1505: Isabella of Castile dies
1506: Phillip stuck in England
1506: Death of Phillip
France
: Bretton Crisis
1485-6: Navigation Acts
1506: Death of Phillip
Brittany
: Bretton Crisis
Burgundy
1496: Intercursus Magnus
1505: Death of Isabella
1506: Phillip stuck in England (Treaty of Windsor and Malus Intercursus)
1506: Death of Phillip
Scotland
1497: Truce at Ayton
1502: Treaty of Perpetual Peace
HRE
Bretton Crisis
Italy
1490 Venice and Florence
1503 Death of Queen Elizabeth

22. Mark (out of 10), HVII’s relations with each country in 1485
Then taking one country at a time (different colors?) look at how their relations changed over time
France
Brittany
Spain
HRE
Burgundy
Scotland
Italy 10
1485
(24 lines = 1 per year)
1509

23. Competition!
Find a word relating to what we have HVII’s foreign policy, with the highest numerical score

24. Resources

25. Treaty of Perpetual Peace 1502:
This ended any intermittent war between England and Scotland. They agreed on how they would administer the border between England and Scotland. This would prevent local cross-border conflict.
Death of Arthur 1502:
It is 1502 and HVII’S oldest son Arthur, died leaving behind a young bride Catherine. This puts HVII’s alliance with Spain in jeopardy. However, with special dispensation (exception) from the Pope, Catherine was betrothed (become engaged to) to Henry in However, it would take 6 years for them to marry.
Death of Elizabeth1503:
She died shortly after giving birth to a daughter. Two of HVII’s three sons are already dead. He was very vulnerable e.g. Edmund de la Pole had just moved abroad. Henry began to consider the possibility of taking a second wife, who might be able to bear him more heirs. He seemed to have sought the hand of Joanna of Naples, Margaret of Savoy and Joanna of Castile/Burgundy. His first choice appeared to be Queen Joanna of Naples, also the niece of Ferdinand of Aragon. Ferdinand was keen on this idea, because he wanted to strengthen his ties with Henry as relations with France deteriorated. However, this possibility came to nothing.

26. Death of Isabella of Castile 1505:
After Isabella’s death, HVII and Ferdinand were rivals for matrimonial stakes… There was no guarantee that Spain will stay united. Whilst Ferdinand has become Regent (protector of Joanna), Joanna’s husband Phillip (Duke of Burgundy) had ambitions to succeed himself!
In 1505 HVII moved towards friendly relations with Burgundy. He opened discussions about a possible Burgundian bride for his son, Henry. This made relations with Spain worse. Ferdinand turned to France. Louis XII had felt surrounded and was ready for friendship. This was cemented in 1505 when Ferdinand married Louis XII’s niece, Germaine de Foix.
Phillip sought shelter in England 1506:
In 1506, Philip of Burgundy had been caught in a storm and sought shelter in England. Phillip wants HVII’s support to fight Ferdinand during the succession battle. Henry and Phillip sign the Treaty of Windsor in January He recognised Philip as King of Castile, and the two rulers promised mutual defence and assistance against each other’s rebels. By a second treaty, Philip pledged to marry his sister, Margaret, now regent of the Netherlands, to Henry VII. In the April they negotiates the Malus Intercurses which gave the English merchants considerable advantages. It was decided that trade with Burgundy would be free, Philip would not impose duties (tariffs) on sale of English cloth. He also got Edmund de la Pole handed over to him.

27. Death of Phillip of Burgundy (1506)
In 1506 Phillip of Burgundy died. His wife Joanna was mad with grief and deemed unfit to rule. Ferdinand declared himself King of Castile. The heir in Burgundy was 6 year old (Archduke Charles), with Margaret of Savoy acting as Regent (protector) for her nephew. France might try to take some of Burgundy. Henry thought his best hope now was friendship between England, Burgundy and France. It allowed Henry to end temporary disagreements over trade with Burgundy. There were several plans for marriage alliances involving these countries, with the intention of isolating Ferdinand in Spain.
The League of Cambrai 1508:
Louis XII and Ferdinand of Spain came together with Archduke Charles and the Pope in an alliance against Venice. It looks as though HVII had been left isolated! Henry did nothing (he died soon after…). However, by not doing anything straight away, attention was taken away from England and towards Italy.

28. Evaluating HVII’s foreign policy
SPAIN
FRANCE
SCOTLAND
BURGUNDY
HRE
ITALY
BRITTANY