1. Ancient
Greece

2. The Minoans Lived on the island of Crete
Had great power in the Mediterranean Sea

3. The Minoans They had sophisticated art Enjoyed building palaces
Decorated them with FRESCOES
FRESCO: ground up paint in limewater mix

5.                                                                                                                       
                                                                                                                      
Minoan Decline
No one knows why this powerful civilization stopped to exist
THEORY: Volcanic eruption on Thera
Released Toxic gas
Caused Tsunamis

7. Indo-Europeans
Indo-Europeans Began to settle in mainland Greece

8. The Mycenaeans Replaced the Minoans Lived and grew on Mainland Greece
Leading City: Mycenae
Surrounded by massive wall about 20 feet thick
Adapted Minoan writing system
Advanced in Bronze & Iron

10. The Trojan War
1200 B.C. – Mycenaean kings fought a 10 year war with Troy
Struggle for control of a crucial waterway in the Aegean Sea
* Troy

13. Helen

14. Kidnapped?

15. Caused War

18. The TROJAN Wall!

19. How do we get in???

20. AH HA! The Trojan Horse of Course!

21. Copyright © Clara Kim 2007. All rights reserved.

22. Who fought?
1. Delian League: Athens and other small city states that supported democracy
2. Peloponnesian League : Sparta and other city states that supported an oligarchy.

23. Causes of War After the Persian War tension was building for years.
Athens had supreme power and others resented them.
Controlled the Delian League

25. Athens vs Sparta Sparta = strongest land power in Greece
Athens = strongest sea power in Greece

26. Spartans
Athens

27. Who Won?
SPARTA!

28. How Did Sparta Win?
Sparta was located inland so it could not be attacked from the sea
Athens could be attacked by sea and land
Athens tried to move its people behind the acropolis and plague broke out = weakened Athens

29. Acropolis

30. Acropolis

31. Effects of the Peloponnesian Wars
Ended the reign of Athenian greatness
Corruption replaced good citizenship
People lost faith in democracy
Sparta’s is taken over by Thebes
Macedonia becomes the next great power

33. Greek Mythology

34. Homer
The Greeks lacked writing, so they learned about the Trojan war through spoken word
Greatest Greek story teller was a blind man named Homer.

35. Homer

36. The Iliad and the Odyssey
Two epic poems composed by Homer about the Trojan War.
Epics – Narrative poems that tell about heroic deeds.
The heroes of The Iliad are Hector and Achilles.
The Odyssey is about a 10 year journey home of Odysseus and his adventures along the way.

37. The IlLiad and the Odyssey

42. Greek Myths
Greeks developed a rich set of Myths, or traditional stories about their gods
Greeks have a polytheistic religion. This means they believed in many gods

43. Greek Myths
Myths explained changing of the seasons and the mysteries of nature.
Greek gods/goddesses had many of the same qualities as humans:
Love
Hate
Jealousy
Greek gods competed and fought with each other constantly.
Gods lived forever on Mt. Olympus

44. Mt. Olympus
Home of the Gods

45. Zeus
King of the Gods
Ruler of Mt. Olympus
God of sky and thunder

46. Hera
Wife of Zeus
Goddess of Marriage

47. Poseidon
God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses
Brother of Zeus

48. Hades
God of the Underworld
Brother of Zeus

49. Athena
Goddess of Heroes and WISDOM
Patron Goddess of Athens

50. Ares
God of War
Patron god of Sparta

51. Aphrodite
Goddess of love, lust and beauty

52. Hermes
God of trade/travel
Messenger of the gods

53. Contributions of Greek Culture to Western Civilization
Copyright © Clara Kim All rights reserved.

54. Pericles
A wise and able statesman who led Athens through its golden age
He was honest and fair
Skillful politician and inspiring speaker
Had popular support for 32 years

55. Three Goals for Greece Strengthen democracy
2. Hold and strengthen the empire
3. Glorify Athens
School of Athens

57. 1. Strengthen Democracy
Introduced Direct Democracy: a form of government where the citizens rule directly and not through representatives.
Pericles extended democracy so that most adult males had an equal voice

58. 2. Strengthen Athenian Empire
Strengthened Athens’ navy
It was the most powerful navy in the Mediterranean
Athens’ strong navy ensured the safety of its empire

59. 3. Glorify Athens
Pericles rebuilt Athens after the destruction of the Persian Wars
Built the Parthenon using marble, gold and ivory.

60. sculpture Phidias: Known as the Greatest Greek Sculptor
Designed the Parthenon (the temple of the Goddess Athena)
Sculpted the huge Statue of Zeus at Olympus

61. Parthenon
Temple of Athena, the patron Goddess of Athens

62. architecture

63. Doric Column
Very plain and simple
Has no base

64. Ionic Column
Capital has scrolls
Has a base
More decorative

65. The most decorative capital
Corinthian Column
The most decorative capital
Roofs are flat

66. Greek Art Greek art reflected:
A. Order
B. Balance
C. Proportion
This is why Greek art works are examples of CLASSICAL ART

67. Greek Art
Sculptors tried to create graceful, strong and perfectly formed art.
Tried to capture movement and sculpted bodies in what they thought was perfect physical form

68. Poetry Homer: Great blind story teller of Greece
His stories later were written in two epics:
1. Iliad
2. Odyssey

69. history
Herodotus – Greek historian who is known as the “father of history”
He wrote Histories which was about the conflict between Persia and Greece
Thucydides – A Greek historian who wrote History of the Peloponnesian War.
He wrote about the conflict between Athens and Sparta

70. Greek Drama
Greeks invented drama and built the first theaters in the west
Greeks wrote 2 kinds of plays:
1. Tragedy – Serious drama about themes like love, hate, war or betrayal
2. Comedy – dramas filled with humor and were satires which means they poked fun at customs or respected people

71. Greek Drama Famous play writers
Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles
Comedy – Aristophanes
Plays were performed in outdoor theaters

72. Socrates
Greek philosopher that believed absolute standards did exist for truth and justice
Encouraged Greeks to go farther and question themselves and their moral character

73. Plato
A student of Socrates, set forth a vision in his book, The Republic, for a perfectly governed society
In his society, all subjects would fall naturally into three groups: farmers and artisans, warriors, and the ruling class

74. Aristotle
A student of Plato, questioned the nature of the world and of human belief, thought, and knowledge
Invented a method for arguing according to rules of logic, which were later applied to the fields of psychology, physics, and biology; his work provides the basis of the scientific method used today.
Teacher of Alexander the Great

75. Science Archimedes – Considered the greatest mathematician
Discovered the principles of density and buoyancy
Hippocrates – Founder of medicine and the greatest physician of his time

76. mathematics Euclid – Father of geometry
Pythagoras – Father of numbers, he founded the Pythagorean theory

77. Alexander the Great and Hellenism
Hellenistic Culture

79. Alexander the Great Son of Phillip II the king of Macedon
He conquered most of Greece
Alexander will establish an empire from Greece to Egypt and up to the edge of India
He adopted Greek Culture and spread Hellenism throughout his empire

81. Hellenistic Culture
It is the blend of Greek culture with Egyptian, Persian and Indian influences

82. Alexandria
An African city which was the center for trade and Hellenistic culture
This city became an international community with a mix of customs and traditions

86. Ancient Library of Alexandria
Contained a collection of 500,000 papyrus scrolls and masterpieces of ancient literature
Was the first true research library in the world
Scholars produced commentaries on ancient worlds of literature

89. Science and Technology
Astronomy- Aristarchus estimated that the sun was 300 times bigger than Earth and that the sun was the center of the universe
Nobody accepted this theory. Instead they thought the Earth was the center of the universe

91. Math and Physics Euclid – Opened the school for geometry in Alexandria
Archimedes accurately estimated the value of pi ( )

92. Philosophy SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT: 1. Stoicism 2. Epicureanism
the belief that there was a divine power that controlled the universe
Believed everyone should live in harmony with natural law
2. Epicureanism
- taught that the universe was made of atoms and ruled by gods who didn’t care about humans