1. Mr. Van Saders Freshman Health
HIV / AIDS
Mr. Van Saders
Freshman Health

2. HIV *** AIDS *** Human Immuno Deficiency Virus
Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome

4. As of 2013

5. New HIV Infections Ages 13–24 Years Old
In 2010, young persons accounted for 26% of all new HIV infections in the US.
Among people aged 20 to 24 who were diagnosed with HIV infection during , 99% survived more than 12 months after diagnosis, compared with an estimated 89% of people aged 50 to 54

6. In 2009, young Males accounted for
Young Males, especially those of minority races and ethnicities, are at increased risk for HIV infection.
In 2009, young Males accounted for
Men accounted for 76% of all adults and adolescents living with HIV infection at the end of 2010 in the United States.
Men who have sex with men account for most new and existing HIV infections among men.
By race/ethnicity, black men have the highest rates of new HIV infections among all men
Most (76%) of those living with HIV were male, and 69% of males were gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM).

7. When did we first find out about AIDS/HIV?
In 1982 the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) officially named the condition AIDS.
In 1984 the virus responsible for weakening the immune system was identified as HIV.
Aids.org

8. How common is it?
The number of people living with HIV rose from around 8 million in 1990 to 34 million by the end of 2010.

9. Methods of Transmission ***
Sexual Contact
IV Drug Use
contaminated needles
Blood Transfusion
Mother to Child
before, during and after birth

10. Body Fluids Capable of Transmitting HIV/AIDS ***
Blood
Semen (Sperm & fluid)
Vaginal Fluids
Breast Milk

11. How HIV effects the body…
Lymphocytes are white blood cells that help fight disease causing organisms
B cells and T cells
T cells produces Antibodies which destroy pathogens that enter body
HIV enters the T cells and they become infected and destroyed
This reduces the ability of the immune system to fight off infection
AIDS – opportunistic illnesses
Infections and other diseases caused by organisms that do not usually produce illness in people with healthy immune systems

12. A person is said to have AIDS when
Has a low T cell count
Patients progress to AIDS when their CD4 cell counts drop below 200 cells per microliter of blood.
Healthy individuals have cell count between 600 and 1,200 cells per microliter of blood.
Individuals with a CD4 cell lower than 200 cells per microliter of blood have the greatest risk of developing opportunistic infections.
Has one or more AIDS-opportunistic illnesses

13. Signs and symptoms Fatigue Depression Diarrhea Weight loss
Night Sweats
Headaches
Sinus Infection
Nausea and Vomiting
Recurring skin infections

14. Examples: Pneumonia, recurrent Toxoplasmosis of brain
Opportunistic Illnesses Infections and other diseases caused by organisms that do not usually produce illness in people with healthy immune systems
Examples:
Pneumonia, recurrent
Toxoplasmosis of brain
Parasite that can cause inflammation of brain
Cervical cancer, invasive
Herpes simplex: chronic ulcers
Wasting syndrome due to HIV
CMV viral infection

16. TREATMENT AIDS virus mutates rapidly
makes it extremely skillful at developing resistance to drugs.
Type of virus called a retrovirus
Drugs are developed to disrupt the action of HIV
Antiretroviral medicines (ART) (1996).
Variety of formulas designed to act on different stages
Treated with a combination of ARTs that attack the virus on several fronts at once.

17. Public information and education are important
Cost of
ART’s are hard to access in the developing world.
Another problem
aware of their HIV status
knowledge about treatment
are they empowered to seek it
Public information and education are important
ART’s improve the quality and greatly prolongs life ARTs are not a cure.
If treatment is discontinued the virus becomes active again, so a person on ARTs must take them for life.

18. Testing for HIV… ELISA Detects the presence of antibodies for HIV
Also known as an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), is the first test that your healthcare provider will order to screen for HIV
Detects the presence of antibodies for HIV
Used for screening donated blood
Used for those patients that think they may be positive
Incase of a positive, this Test is done up to three times
Western Blot test is done if positive results
Western Blot
specific test used for identifying HIV antibodies
Home Tests
Home Access HIV-1 Test System is a home collection kit, which involves pricking your finger to collect a blood sample, sending the sample to a licensed laboratory, and then calling in for results as early as the next business day.
OraQuick In-Home HIV Test provides rapid results in the home. The testing procedure involves swabbing your mouth for an oral fluid sample and using a kit to test it. Results are available in 20 minutes.
Person can have signs of HIV for years or longer before showing sings of infection
Negative test results are Retested in 6 months incase

19. What is the difference between Elisa and Western Blot?
Both ELISA and Western Blot are called indirect tests
Measure the immune system’s response to an infectious agent rather than looking for the components of the agent itself.
Since ELISA detects HIV antibodies which the body starts to produce between 2-12 weeks after becoming infected with HIV, experts say that one should wait for at least 3 months after unprotected test to confirm for HIV AIDS.
Western Blot is the most common method of testing to confirm positive results from ELISA test. Western Blot is used more as a confirmatory test as it is difficult to perform and requires high skills.
One advantage of Western Blot is that it is less likely to give false positive results as it can effectively distinguish between HIV antibodies and other antibodies.

20. Should you have an HIV test? ***
Have you had sex without knowing if the person you have been with is HIV+?
Have you had sex with someone you know has HIV or AIDS?
Have you had a disease passed on by sex, like genital herpes or syphilis?
Having these diseases makes it easier to get HIV.
Have you had sex with a promiscuous person?
How many partners have they been with?
Have you had sex with someone who has used needles to take drugs?
Have you shared needles for drug use?

21. Looking at the World
In 2014, there were roughly 2 million new HIV infections, 220,000 of which were among children.
Most of these children live in sub-Saharan Africa and were infected via their HIV-positive mothers during pregnancy, childbirth or breastfeeding.

23. How do I protect myself?
People make many mistakes when it comes to having safe sex.
This could be for a number of reasons…
You could be afraid to insist that your partner use a condom
you could make false assumptions about your partners (they seem too young, old, healthy, or nice to be HIV positive)
You might be a drinker or recreational drug user who does things while under the influence that you wouldn’t otherwise consider.
Be safe and smart with your decisions.
Reduce your risk of getting the infection by avoiding activities that put you at risk and
PRACTICE SAFE SEX!!

24. How risky is Oral Sex?
Oral sex is sex that involves the mouth and the penis, vagina, and or anus
Experts believe that oral sex without protection is less risky than other kinds or sex,
but all agree that it is possible to get HIV from giving oral sex to on HIV-infected partner with out protection, especially if the HIV-infected partner ejaculates in the mouth.
Risks increase if there are open cuts or soars in mouth.
The possibility of infection is higher if there is menstrual blood or if the woman has another kind of STD.

25. There is NO cure!
Drug development has helped change the face of the disease.
Drug therapy has helped to prolong and improve the quality or life for many individuals.
Has helped people with the virus live longer then they would with out the drug treatment.

26. Piercings and Tatoos Recognize the risk
HIV and Hepatitis B and C
Only use a professional tattooist or piercer
Not advised to do in a home, sharing needles, sterilization
Sterilized equipment
New, disposable needle for each customer
Open new package, use gloves
Inks should not be shared to used
Do not get pierced with a piercing gun for the body
Alcohol or other drugs can make it hard to stay safe
Decision making for you and the tattooist