2. Coffee or Tea?

3. COMPARISON AND CONTRAST

4. 1 2
Learning targets 3 4

5. What? To compare is to describe similarities
To contrast is to describe differences

6. For example Apples or Oranges? Similarities Differences
Both apple and oranges are fruits.
Apples have smooth skin. In contrast, oranges have rough skin.
Apples and oranges grow on tress.
Apples grow in cool climate, but oranges grow in tropical climate.
Like Apples, Oranges can be made into juice.
Unlike oranges that have pulps, apples aren’t pulpy.

7. What to compare and contrast?
Compare and contrast things that make sense
Things that belong to the same class
Things that have similarities
Home school or Formal School
Vanilla or Chocolate ice cream
Shoes or Clothes
Bus or Train?
Crayon or Truck
Computer or Ship
Coffee or Tea

8. What: cue words? Comparison (describe similarities) Contrast
(describe differences)
Both… and…
… and …
Also
Too
As well
Like …
Similar …
Either … or …
Neither … nor …
On the other hand
… but …
While
Whereas
Unlike
In contrast
On the contrary
However

9. Practice 1: SIMILARITIES
Both… and…, All of ….
… and …
Also
Too (+), either … or … (+), neither … nor …. (-)
As well
Like …
Similar …

10. Practice 1: SIMILARITIES
Apples and Oranges
Both apple and orange grow on trees.
Apples and oranges can be made into juices.
Apples can be made into pie. Oranges also can be made into pie
Apples are full of vitamins. Oranges are too.
Apples as well as oranges have a lot of benefits.
Like apples, oranges are popular fruit in Indonesia.
Apples have to be processed to be made into juice. Oranges have to go through similar process.

11. Practice 2: DIFFERENCES
On the other hand
… but …
While
Whereas
Unlike
However

12. Why COMPARING AND CONTRASTING?
To help someone understand one is better than the other
To Explain
To evaluate the options available
To Evaluate
To choose the best option
To Choose

13. Similarities to differences
HOW to compare AND CONTRAST?
Block
Point by point
Similarities to differences

14. 1. block I Introduction II Apples Characteristics
Climate to grow apples
Food and drink from apples
III
Oranges
Climate to grow oranges
Food and drink from oranges IV
Conclusion
You describe everything about one item in one paragraph.
Then, you describe another item in the next paragraph.

15. 2. POINT BY POINT Introduction Conclusion
Use a separate section or paragraph for each point.
Introduction
Supporting Paragraph 1 Characteristics of apples and oranges
Supporting Paragraph 2
Climate to grow apples and oranges
Supporting Paragraph 3 Food and drink from apples and oranges
Conclusion

16. Introduction 1. Similarities 2. Differences Conclusion
3. Similarities to differences
Introduction
1. Similarities
2. Differences
Conclusion

17. The best city to stay Points to compare Makassar Surabaya
Traffic and transportation
Crowded during busy hours
24/h transportation -- limited
24/h transportation
Housing
Mostly houses for sale or rented
Pricing: relatively cheaper
Variety of accommodations
Pricing: varied, depending on the location
Work Opportunity
High opportunity to get a job
High opportunity to run business (big market)
Tight competition to get jobs
High opportunity to run own business (big market)

18. OUtlines Similarities to differences Introduction Similarities
Block
Introduction
Makassar
Traffic & transportation
Housing
Work opportunity
Surabaya
Closing
Point by Point
Introduction
Traffic and transport (S/D)
Makassar
Surabaya
Housing (S/D)
Work opportunity (S/D)
Closing
Similarities to differences
Introduction
Similarities
Makassar
Surabaya
Differences
Closing

19. PRACTICE 3: OUTLINES Vacationing to the mountain or beach?
Finding a job or continuing studies?
Going to the movies or watching movies at home?
Working in a large company or running your own business?
Traveling by bus or train?
Block
Point by point
Similarities to Differences

20. Practice 4: essay writing
Develop the outline into an essay of 4 or 5 paragraphs.

21. Comparison and contrast in listening
Otto
I really like that cheese shop on Second Street, Henry. You know, the one with the giant mouse on the roof holding a chunk of cheese?
Henry
I don’t think I’ve ever been there. Otto. Why do you like it?
They make cheese the same way my grandfather used to. It makes me daydream about my childhood on my grandfather’s dairy farm in Wisconsin.
Speakers
Main Topic?
Things compared
Comments
Otto and Henry

22. Comparison and contrast in listening
Judy
Paula, do you think we should drive or take the train to the concert in Chicago? I can’t decide. There are advantages and disadvantages to both.
Paula
Well, let’s see. Driving means that we can leave whenever we want. On the other hand, Judy, taking the train means we don’t have to worry about parking and we can both sleep on the way home.
That would be great! Then, I could finish that dream I was having about becoming a famous musician.

23. Comparison and contrast in listening
Speakers
Main Topic?
Things compared
Comments
Paula and Judy

24. Academic listening, page 106 - 107
Who?
Where?
What?

25. Academic listening, page 106 - 107
Where?
What?

26. Academic listening, page 106 - 107
Home School
Traditional School

27. Who? Where? What?

28. Who? Where? What?

29. Nursing home care or home care

30. References Read, Write, Think
Essay writing help
Advanced compositions for non native speakers of English
Solorzano, Helen S, Building Skills for the TOEFL iBT, High Intermediate, Pearson-Longman, Unit 7. Education.

31. Thank you!

32. Make your choice! Taking shower first or sleeping first?
Drinking Cold or hot drink after class?
Dinner at home or dinner outside?
Sleeping late or sleeping early?
Staying longer or going home straight away?
Watching TV or browsing the Internet?
Instant food or cooked food?