1. The Eye Processing in Brain Color
Vision
The Eye
Processing in Brain
Color

2. Detects (some) Electromagnetic Energy!

3. The Eye
Cornea Iris & Pupil Lens Retina (Transduction) -Rods -Cones on Fovea Optic Nerve -Ganglion Cells
Floaters
Distorted Face Effect

4. The Brain Visual Cortex: Located in Occipital Lobes.
Optic Nerve connects to Thalamus, which routes data to…
Visual Cortex: Located in Occipital Lobes.
Information from each side of visual field gets processed in the Opposite hemisphere of the Brain.
Parallel Processing: Different aspects of visual field get processed simultaneously, but separately
-Areas for Color, Movement, Shape, Depth
-Then compared to memories to create perception.
Stroop Effect:
Blue Orange Red Yellow Purple Green
Neuropsychological Disorders
Visual Agnosia: Can’t recognize objects
Akinetopsia: Can’t detect movement
Prosopagnosia: Faceblindness
Blindsight: Localized area of blindness
Feature Detectors: Clusters of neurons that “recognize” key aspects of stimuli (Movements, Shapes, Angles)

9. Color It is assigned by the brain (a label, not reality).
Hue (color) determined by Wavelength.
Intensity is determined by Amplitude.

10. Color
Trichromatic Theory (3-Colors) Red Cones- Detect long Wavelengths Green Cones- Detect medium Wavelengths Blue Cones- Detect short Wavelengths Opponent Process Theory Color processed in pairs Red-Green Blue-Yellow Black-White
Explains Some Colorblindness
Explains Afterimages

12. The Ear The Brain Loudness Pitch Sound Localization Hearing Loss
Audition
The Ear The Brain Loudness Pitch Sound Localization Hearing Loss

13. Detection of Sound Waves
Vibrations in the air
Energy

14. The Ear Outer Ear Middle Ear Inner Ear -Ear -Ear Canal -Ear Drum
-Ossicles
1)Hammer/Maleus
2)Anvil/Incus
3) Stirrup/Stapes
-Oval Window
Inner Ear
-Cochlea
1) Basilar Membrane
-Hair Cells
-Auditory Nerve

15. The Brain Auditory Cortex: Located in Temporal Lobes.
Auditory Nerve connects to Thalamus, which routes data to…
Auditory Cortex: Located in Temporal Lobes.
Left Temporal Lobe: Interprets written & spoken speech.
Processing not divided by Hemisphere
Schizophrenics have active Temporal Lobes during auditory Hallucinations
Neuropsychological Disorders
Auditory Agnosia: Can’t tell speech from non-speech sounds
Auditory Verbal Agnosia: Can hear speech, but not discern meaning

16. Loudness & Pitch Loudness: Amplitude of a Sound Wave
-Determined by # of Hair Cells activated.
Pitch: Frequency of a Sound Wave.
No. of Wavlengths per second

17. Loudness Scale (Decibels)
90-95 Decibels: Prolonged Exposure can cause permanent damage.
125 Decibels: Pain begins
140 Decibels: Short term exposure can cause permanent damage
194 Decibels: Loudest sound possible.

18. Detecting Pitch Place Theory Frequency Theory
Pitch is determined by the part of the basilar membrane that has it’s hairs activated.
Frequency Theory
Pitch determined by the frequency of neural impulses.
(100 waves per second would lead to 100 impulses per second)
Place Theory explains how we detect high pitches, Frequency Theory explains how we detect low pitches.

19. Sound Localization
Ears on either side of head= Sound waves reach one side before the other.

20. Deafness
Conduction Deafness: Damage to mechanics the ear. -treated through surgery or hearing aids Sensorineural (or nerve) Deafness: Damage to the hair cells (Don’t regenerate) -Usually caused by LOUD noise -Treated by Cochlear Implants