1. Form and Function in Invertebrates
Section 19-3
Use Side Four of the laserdisc, chapters 11 and 12

3. Lecture Outline Support and Movement Feeding and Digestion
Internal Transport
Respiration
Excretion
Response
Reproduction

4. Support and Movement
Hydrostatic skeletons
Exoskeletons
Endoskeletons

5. Hydrostatic skeletons
Support is provided by water-filled body cavities
muscles contract and push against water in the body cavities
Use circular and longitudinal muscles
Earthworm
Sea anemone (figure 19-16)

6. Show the gianat Earth worm and the Flatworm on Side Four, LT, chapter 12

7. Setae grip soil and for allow movement

8. Sea Anemone

9. Exoskeletons Made of chitin Arthropods Jointed
excellent mechanical advantage
but
heavy
growth involves shedding
Arthropods
insects
spiders
crustaceans

11. Endoskeleton Lighter Easier growth Vertebrates-bones Sponges
Some echinoderms

12. Feeding and Digestion Intracellular Extracellular See figure 19-17
In the Hydra...

13. Protista – In the cell!

14. Intracellular Digestion
Endocytosis!
A lysosome with digestive enzymes combines with a food vacuole allowing intracellular digestion.
Where is endocytosis?

15. Intracellular Digestion
“gastro” – digestion
“vascular” - circulation
A gastro vascular cavity not only helps with digestion, but also with the circulation (It gives access to the internal layer of cells!)
Feeding?

16. Nematocyst: – a stinging cell (Cnidoblast)

18. Intracellular Digestion
Sponges by filter feeding
Cnidarians and flatworms use gastrovascular cavity
Small food particles are consumed – limiting!

20. Extracellular digestion
More advanced
Tube-within-a-tube body plan
One-way movement
Mouth and anus
Food moves into blood vessels lining digestive cavity

21. Setae grip soil and for allow movement

23. Internal transport
Open Circulatory Systems
Closed Circulatory Systems

24. Open Circulatory Systems
Blood from the heart is NOT entirely contained in blood vessels
Blood released into sinuses
GRASSHOPPER
Location of Heart?
See figure 19-18

25. Dorsal Heart in Grasshopper

26. Closed Circulatory System
Blood always enclosed in blood vessels
diffusion occurs through walls of capillaries
EARTHWORM
# of hearts?
Pumping direction?

28. Respiration Getting Oxygen!
Needs
Solutions

29. Respiration: Needs Large surface area moist respiratory surface
protected
contact with environment

30. Respiration: Solutions
Live in water …or use
Skin
Gills
Book lungs
Trachea
BOOK LUNG: terrestrial respiratory organ characteristic of arachnids such as scorpions and primitive spiders. Each book lung consists of hollow flat plates. Air bathes the outer surface of the plates and blood circulates within them, facilitating the exchange of gases. In most species, adequate gas exchange occurs without any muscular movement to ventilate the lung.

31. Respiration: Solutions
Live in water …or use
Skin - Earthworm
Gills – (Fish), Lobster: gills attached to legs
Book lungs – Spider, pages of a book
Trachea – Insects use tracheal tubes!

32. Book Lungs in a Spider

33. Trachea in a Grasshopper

34. Trachea means a tube with air
The oxygen is not in the blood.
Humans carry oxygen in the blood.
Insects use tracheal tubes!
oxygen
Trachea in a Grasshopper

35. Excretion Water Nitrogen Ammonia Urea Uric acid
What type of nitrogen-containing compound is used if the animal lives in water?
NH3 - Ammonia

37. Excretion in … PLANARIA EARTHWORM GRASSHOPPER Lots of water ammonia
excretory pore
flame cells
EARTHWORM
nephridia
segmented
GRASSHOPPER
Malpighian tubules
Lots of water
ammonia
Some water
Urea
Little water
Uric Acid

39. Nephridia – two per segment

40. UREA

43. Response Centralization Cephalization
nerves concentrated in ganglia or nerve rings
Cephalization
Brains in anterior region
Specialized sensory cells in anterior region
Bilateral symmetry

44. Reproduction Great variety Sexual: increase genetic diversity Asexual
Chapter 11 on side four of the LT lasardisc on Flukes is a good place to show this.

45. Recalling main ideas, page 465
1 b
2 d
3 c
4 a
5 c
6 b
7 a
8 c

46. Section Review 1 f 2 e 3 d 4 j 5 b 6 h 7 d 8 g 9 g 10 i 11 k 12 c 13 b
14 a

47. Continued… 15. does 16. chitin 17. Segmented worms 18. Closed
19. Water-dwelling
20. True
21. Nerve cord
22. True
23. Capable

48. 24 and 25
Sexual reproduction increase genetic diversity. This is illustrated by the large differences seen in invertebrates.
Planaria drawing and roundworm drawing.

49. Test Items Most Missed Blood Pressure
The grasshopper has low pressure
Blood trickles through sinus cavities
Worm has high pressure
Blood pressure only exists in a closed circulatory system

50. Nervous System Ideas Ganglia are in each segment Nerve net in Hydra
Centralization
Nerve net in Hydra
Low centralization
Ganglia in grasshopper
higher centralization
Nerve net to nerve cord
Example of centralization
Ganglia to brain
Example of cephalization

51. Humans use nephrons in the kidney
Round worms (Nematodes) have the most primitive tube-like digestive system
Humans use nephrons in the kidney
Similar to nephridia located separately in segments
Cnidarians have a gastrovascular cavity

52. Earthworm Nephridia similar to kidney Crop similar to stomach
Gizzard similar to teeth
Aortic arch similar to heart
Intestine used extra cellular digestion.