1. World History Chapter One “Digging Up the Past”
Lesson One
Early Gatherers and Hunters
Pages 10-16

2. Vocabulary
Prehistory – The long period of time before people developed systems of writing and written language.
Archaeology – The study of past cultures through the things that remain such as buildings, tools, or pottery.
Archaeologist – A scientist that carefully uncovers evidence, or clues, from the past.
Artifacts – Objects made by people long ago.
Migrate – To move from one place to another.
Glacier – A huge ice sheet.

3. Studying Prehistory
Prehistory people did not leave books, newspapers, letters, or s to tell people how they lived.
Archaeologists study artifacts to learn about people long ago.
Artifacts can include – tools, weapons, jewelry, and pottery. They also include sharpened stone for cleaning flesh, bone needles for sewing, and cords and knots to tie things together.
Archaeologists are also interested in the ashes of ancient campfires, the bones animals left behind after a meal, or even nut shells.
Ancient people hunted both small and large animals and used the hides for shelter and clothes.
Ancient people ate berries, fruits, nuts, wild grains, and roots that they gathered.

4. Working together, archaeologists and historians believe that humans moved, or migrated, from East Africa to Europe and Asia thousands of years ago.
Early American
70 years ago human-made objects such as arrowheads, hammerstones, bone tools, and scrapers in Clovis, New Mexico.
(Scientists estimate 11, 000 years old.)
What do we believe as Christians?

5. Migration Path
Ice Age – Period of time where huge ice sheets called glaciers covered great stretches of land.
During parts of the Ice Age, the seas were lower than they are today. When the seas were lower a vast area of land, Beringia – now called the Bering Strait – stretched from Asia to North America.
This area has also been know as a “land bridge” where both animals and people could migrate between Asian and North America.
Archaeologists believe bands, or small groups, of hunters left Asia (about 11, 500 years ago?) they used Beringia to move to Alaska and into the Americas.
Please look at the maps on page 15.

6. Different Paths
Archaeologist have also found artifacts at a site near Monte Verde, Chile in South America they believe is 12, 500 years old.
The Topper Site in North Carolina dug deeper and found artifacts even older. They are believed to be 18, 000 years old.
What do you think about all of these finding?

7. LESSON 2 - EARLY FARMERS Stone Age (Old and New)
Old Stone Age: The period of time is very long, but little progress was made.
Technology, or the way in which humans produce the items they use, improved at a slow rate.
Humans relied on pebbles or stone tools, as well as hand axes.
Rough, pitted surfaces and uneven cutting edges characterize tools made during the Old Stone Age.
Humans progressed using wood, horn, antler, and bone tools.

8. STONE AGE
New Stone Age - Humans made great improvements in technology in a shorter span.
Polished rock tools became widespread.
Experimenting with growing wild plants as food crops developed.
Humans began to domesticate, or tame, wild animals for help with work.
The New Stone Age ended with the development of metals and metalworking.

9. EARLY FARMERS
Archaeologists discovered that wheat, rice, barley, were among the first plants to be domesticated, or cultivated for human use.
Plants were grown for food and practical use.
jute - a wild plant with strong stalks were domesticated to make rope and fishing nets.
Domestic Animals
Sheep and goats were among the first animals to be domesticated.
Domesticated animals provide: milk, wool, meat for food, and skin for shelter.
Domesticated animals also plowed fields.
Now families could raise more crops and sell surplus, or extra supply.

10. MORE USEFUL CREATURES
Horses, donkeys and camels provided ways for people to move and transport goods.
Bees were domesticated for their honey, wax for candles, and bee venom for medicine.
Silkworm was domesticated for a source of fiber for cloth.
Village Life
Social Divisions: toolmakers and farmers.
Moving away from hunters and gatherers to farmers.
Carbon Dating: Scientists can date things based on what happened to the carbon in living things over time.

11. LESSON 3 - DEVELOPING CULTURES
Culture includes: technology, customs, beliefs, and art.
Anthropology: study of how people have developed and live in culture groups.
landform: surface features such as valley, plain, hill, or mountain.
Geography: the study of the relationship between physical features, climate, and people.

12. THREE SISTERS
Corn, beans and squash became the most important crops. They are also known as the "Three Sisters."
Cultures Develop
In Europe, the variety of landforms, climates, and soil produced many cultures.
Prehistoric Art -- human figures, horses, birds, and wild cattle.
Drawings, paintings, and engravings provide a valuable view of the prehistoric world.
Paints were made by mixing ground rock with saliva or animal fat.
Caves served as places for spiritual and hunting rites.