1. Shoe Verbs
Copy the black notes

2. AKA Stem-Changing
There are four types of shoe verbs (aka: stem-changing).
e – ie, o – ue, u – ue, e – i
Each shoe verb takes a change in the stem.
The stem is what is left of the infinitive when you drop off the ending. Ex: Hablar – Habl

3. Rules for conjugating Shoe Verbs
1. Drop the –ar/-er/-ir
2. Change the stem (inside the shoe)
3. Add new endings
The next to last syllable will take the stem change.
If the verb has three syllables then the middle syllable will take the change.
Em-pe-zar
If the verb has two syllables then the first syllable will take the change Ju-gar

4. Two of the forms will not have the change: Nosotros and Vosotros
Today we are going to start by looking at two types of shoe verbs: e – ie and o - ue

5. e – ie
There are many e – ie shoe verbs. You won’t be able to tell them just by looking at the infinitive. You have to memorize them.
How do you know when a verb is a shoe verb? In a dictionary you will see (ie) next to the verb then you know it is an e-ie shoe verb.
Empezar (ie)

6. Empezar – drop the “ar” and that leaves the stem
Empez- the “e” in the middle will change to “ie” in the stem, which gives you the new stem Empiez
This happens in all forms except Nosotros and Vosotros.

7. Empezar – to start
Empiez

8. Empezar – to start
Empiez

9. Empezar – to start
Empiez

10. Empezar – to start
Empiez
Empez

11. Empezar – to start
Empiez
Empez

12. Empezar – to start
Empiez
Empez

13. Empezar – to start
Empiezo

14. Empezar – to start
Empiezo
I start, I do start, I am starting

15. Empezar – to start
Empiezo
I start, I do start, I am starting
Empiezas

16. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting

17. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empieza

18. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)

19. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)

20. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)

21. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empezáis
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)

22. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empezáis
Y’all start, Y’all do start, Y’all are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)

23. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empezáis
Y’all start, Y’all do start, Y’all are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)
Empiezan

24. Empezar – to start Empiezo I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empezáis
Y’all start, Y’all do start, Y’all are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)
Empiezan
They start, They do start, They are starting (Y’all)

25. Why is it called a shoe verb?
This is a trick to help you remember which forms have a stem change.
Draw a shoe (or boot) on the chart before you conjugate the verb!

26. Step One
Draw the chart.

27. Step Two
Draw a shoe. Leave nosotros and vosotros outside of the shoe.

28. Step Three
Conjugate the verb.

29. What do you notice?
The forms inside of the shoe take the stem change, the forms outside of the shoe (nosotros and vosotros) do not.

30. So why do we call it a shoe verb?
Empiezo
I start, I do start, I am starting
Empezamos
We start, We do start, We are starting
Empiezas
You start, You do start, You are starting
Empezáis
Ya’ll start, Ya’ll do start, Ya’ll are starting
Empieza
He starts, He does start, He is starting (You formal)
Empiezan
They start, They do start, They are starting (Ya’ll)

31. O - ue O – ue shoe verbs work exactly like e – ie shoe verbs
Dormir, Poder, Almorzar
Remember that if the verbs has 3 syllables it takes the change in the middle syllable. Al-mor-zar
If the verb has two syllables then the first syllable takes the change. Dor-mir, Po-der

32. Dormir – to sleep Step One: draw the chart Step Two: draw the shoe
Step Three: conjugate the verb

33. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm

34. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm

35. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm

36. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm
Dorm

37. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm
Dorm

38. Dormir – to sleep
Duerm
Dorm

39. Dormir – to sleep
Duermo

40. Dormir – to sleep
Duermo
I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep

41. Dormir – to sleep
Duermo
I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep
Duermes

42. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping

43. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Duerme

44. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)

45. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)

46. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
We sleep, We do sleep, We are sleeping
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)

47. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
We sleep, We do sleep, We are sleeping
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Dormís
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)

48. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
We sleep, We do sleep, We are sleeping
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Dormís
Ya’ll sleep, Ya’ll are sleeping, Ya’ll do sleep
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)

49. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
We sleep, We do sleep, We are sleeping
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Dormís
Ya’ll sleep, Ya’ll are sleeping, Ya’ll do sleep
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)
Duermen

50. Dormir – to sleep Duermo I sleep, I am sleeping, I do sleep Dormimos
We sleep, We do sleep, We are sleeping
Duermes
You sleep, You do sleep, You are sleeping
Dormís
Ya’ll sleep, Ya’ll are sleeping, Ya’ll do sleep
Duerme
She sleeps, She does sleep, She is sleeping (You formal)
Duermen
They sleep, They do sleep, They are sleeping (Ya’ll)

51. Try the next two verbs on your own!
Jugar – to play (u-ue)
Pedir – to ask (e-i)

52. Jugar – to play (u-ue)

53. Pedir – to ask for (e-i)

54. To Turn In!
Take out a whole sheet of paper and draw 3 six pack charts. You will need to conjugate the following 3 verbs. Include definitions. You do not need pronouns. Turn in when complete.
Entender – to understand (e-ie)
Almorzar – to eat lunch (o-ue)
Servir – to serve (e-i)