2. Coastal defence (management) against flooding and erosion.

3. Definitions
Soft engineering: method of coastal management which works with natural processes at work on the coastline and to be unobstructive (unnoticeable) visually. It does not involve major construction.
Hard engineering: method of coastal management which involves major construction work.

4. What are the main types of soft and hard engineering used on the coastline of the UK? (Coastal defences) Advantages and disadvantages of these techniques

5. Hard engineering

6. Rip-rap

7. Recurved sea wall

8. Groynes

9. Gabions

10. Offshore reef

11. Revetments

12. Soft engineering

13. Beach replenishment

14. Beach reprofiling

15. Sand dune regeneration

16. Case Study Swanage In Dorset on the south coast of England
• Describe how the coast is managed in a named location. • Consider the costs and benefits of different approaches to protecting the coast in a named location.
Swanage
In Dorset on the south coast of England

17. Chalk
Clay
RATES OF EROSION ESTIMATED ABOUT CM PER YEAR
Limestone

18. Location of examples
Swanage Bay
Peveril Point
Durlston Bay

19. In Durlston Bay, erosion mainly occurs at one particular point, where there was a major weakness in the resistant limestone rock. There were three methods used to protect the cliffs from erosion (recession):
Cliff regrading – extending it forward, making slope longer and less steep. Reduces the risk of mass movement.
Drainage – removing excess water, so slope wasn’t as heavy or lubricated after rain. Reduces the risk of mass movement and freeze-thaw weathering.
Rip rap placement – Large boulders at the base of the cliff to resist wave attack and dissipate wave energy.

20. Swanage Bay
This is a popular recreational area for beach users, diving, fishing and sailing. Erosion occurred along a considerable length of cliff. The town has been developed on soft eroding cliffs and annual falls & slips have left some properties, such as The Pines Hotel, very close to the cliff top. Swanage landslide caught on camera

21. SEA WALL
Built in the 1920s and provided a promenade as well as a barrier to wave attack.

22. Sea Walls

23. Beach replenishment
In November of 2005, 90,000 m3 of sand was deposited on the beach. The beach will need to be recharged with around 40,000m3 of sand every 20 years. This works with the groynes to ensure a good size beach. The works were finally completed in June 2006 at an estimated cost of £2.2 million.

24. Cliff regrading
A series of steps were made in the cliff to reduce slope angles

26. However: January 1st, 2013
Dorset Coastguard have restricted access to Swanage beach and the South West Coastal Paths, after heavy rains over the holiday period caused further mudslides and cliff subsidence in Swanage.

27. Coastal realignment - Medmerry

28. Web site