1. Animalia

3. Animals Animals are spilt into two major groups: Invertebrates

4. Invertebrates These are animals without a backbone
There are eight invertebrate phyla
Porifera
Cnidaria
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Arthropoda

5. Radial symmetry

6. Phylum Porifera Have bodies made of loosely joined cells No organs
Some specialised cells
Are a link between unicellularity and multicellularity
Are sessile
Asymmetrical

7. Phylum Cnidaria Have thin sack like bodies
Have tentacles and nematocysts
Can excrete a chitinous or calcium carbonate skeleton
Exist in two forms:
Medusa
Polyp
Includes:
Corals
Jellyfish

8. Phylum Platyhelminthes
Have flat worm-like bodies
Have a blind gut
Many are parasites
Includes:
Planaria
Liver flukes
Tape worms

9. Phylum Nematoda Have long thin round worm like bodies
Have bodies with no segments
True guts
Complex protective cuticle
Are ubiquitous
Many are parasitic

10. Phylum Mollusca Crawl on a single fleshy pad.
Can have an internal or external shell
Have a complete digestive system
Includes:
Snails & slugs
Octopus & squid
Scallops, clams and mussels
Tusk & conch shells
Limpets & chitons

11. Phylum Annelida Have round worm-like bodies
Have bodies divided into segments
Have true guts
Include:
Earthworms
Beach/sand worms
Spiny/bristle worms
leeches

12. Phylum Echinodermata Have bodies divided into five parts
Have spiny outer covering
Have a true gut
Often possess tubular feet system
Are all marine
Include:
Starfish
Sea urchins
Brittle stars
Feather stars
Sand dollars
Sea lillies
Sea cucumbers

13. Phylum Arthropoda Have multiple pairs of legs and segmented bodies.
Mostly bilaterally symmetrical
Complete gut
External chitinous skeleton
Bodies divided into two or three segments
Are ubiquitous
There are three subphyla of arthropods:
Chelicerata
Crustacea
Uniramia

14. Arthropods - chelicerata
Usually have four pairs of legs.
Have bodies divided into two sections
May have fangs but are not for chewing, only injecting venom
Includes:
Horseshoe crabs
Spiders, mites, ticks and scorpions (arachnids)
Sea spiders

15. Arthropods - Crustacea
Two pairs of antennae
Have five-seven pairs of legs
Biramous limbs (two parts)
First pair often used as pincers
Bodies covered in shell
Mostly aquatic
Includes:
Lobsters, Crabs, Prawns, Shrimp
Woodlice, sea lice
Barnacles

16. Arthropods – Uniramia Includes insects, centipedes and millipedes
Have three body parts
Centipedes and millipedes have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections

17. Arthropods - Insects Have three pairs of legs
Bodies divided into three sections
Often have wings