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Chapter 3 Section 3-2 Continued… Objectives
Section 2 Cell Features Section 3-2 Continued… Objectives List the three parts of the cell theory. Determine why cells must be relatively small. Compare the structure of prokaryotic cells with that of eukaryotic cells. Describe the structure of cell membranes.
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New Vocabulary Cell theory Cell membrane Cytoplasm Cytoskeleton
Ribosome Prokaryote Cell wall Flagellum Eukaryote Nucleus Organelle Cilium Phospholipid Lipid bilayer
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Chapter 3 cell membrane cytoplasm DNA ribosomes prokaryotic eukaryotic
Section 2 Cell Features All cells share some common structural features, including... an outer boundary called the __________________ interior substance called ___________________ genetic material in the form of __________ cellular structures that make proteins, called __________________ There are 2 types of cells… _____________________ cell membrane cytoplasm DNA ribosomes prokaryotic eukaryotic
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Prokaryotes Chapter 3 single nucleus specialized
Section 2 Cell Features Prokaryotes single ______________ celled organisms Lack a _______________ and other internal compartments Without separate compartments, prokaryotes cannot carryout many _________________ functions nucleus specialized
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3.5 billion Early prokaryotes lived at least _________________ years ago Modern prokaryotes are commonly known as ____________________ bacteria
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Instead of being in a nucleus, DNA is found in single, ______________ molecule
circular DNA IN: 1.12 Section 3 Check
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Ribosomes and enzymes are free to ______ around in the cytoplasm
move Ribosomes (dots) cytoplasm IN: 1.12 Section 3 Check
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Prokaryotes also have an _________ cell membrane, which is also called a ________ membrane and an ________ cell wall inner plasma outer plasma membrane Cell wall IN: 1.12 Section 3 Check
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structure support polysaccharides amino acids plants fungi protists
The cell wall provides ______________ and ______________ for prokaryotic cells It consists of strands of ___________________ connected to short chains of _______________ Other organisms, like ____________, ___________, and some _____________ have cell walls but __________________ do not! support polysaccharides amino acids plants fungi protists animals
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capsule protection adhere
Some prokaryotes are also surrounded by a structure called a __________ provides _____________ and enables prokaryotes to ________ to almost anything, including teeth, skin, and food capsule protection adhere capsule IN: 1.12 Section 3 Check
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Chapter 3 pili flagella circle Section 2 Cell Features
Prokaryotes may also have ___________ (singular = pilus) that aid in sexual reproduction and long extensions called __________________ (singular = flagellum) that aid cell movement Flagella move in a ___________ or rotate pili flagella circle
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Chapter 3 Eukaryotic Cells nucleus organelles Eukaryotic cells have:
Section 2 Cell Features Eukaryotic Cells Eukaryotic cells have: A ________________ which contains the cell’s DNA Other internal compartments called _____________. nucleus organelles
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specialized 1.5 billion larger longer 20 24
Organelles allow eukaryotic cells to carryout many ______________ activities at once The first eukaryotes evolved __________________ years ago Eukaryotic cells are typically ___________ than prokaryotic cells and take __________ to divide Prokaryote ______ minutes Eukaryote _______ hours specialized 1.5 billion larger longer 20 24
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Paramecium –single celled protist
protists Eukaryotes may be unicellular, like ___________, or multicellular like ______________, ____________, and most ____________ plants animals fungi Paramecium –single celled protist
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Specialized eukaryotic cells, such as those
Single celled eukaryotes may move by using flagella or ____________ Cilia are _________, hair like extensions that move back and forth cilia short Specialized eukaryotic cells, such as those found along the lining of the respiratory system, ________ out debris and mucus from air passages sweep
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Consists of an intricate network of ____________ fibers that are
Chapter 3 Section 2 Cell Features cytoskeleton The _________________ provides the interior _______________ of an animal cell. framework Consists of an intricate network of ____________ fibers that are attached to the inside of the plasma membrane and other organelles They are found throughout the cytoplasm The fluid in the cytoplasm is called ____________ protein cytosol
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Chapter 3 The Cytoskeleton actin hollow tubulin ropes
Section 2 Cell Features The Cytoskeleton There are three basic kinds of cytoskeletal fibers. Microfilaments: long slender filaments made of the protein _________________ Microtubules: __________ tubes made of the protein __________________ Intermediate fibers: thick ________ made of protein. actin hollow tubulin ropes
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The extensions on this amoeba are helping
expand Microfilaments can _____________ and ___________, which determines the shape of animal cells Some protists also use microfilaments to move contract The extensions on this amoeba are helping It to move from one location to another The extensions are called _________________, which means “false feet” This type of movement is called cytoplasmic ____________________ pseudopods streaming
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highway railroad tracks motor proteins
Microtubules act as a ________________ system for transportation of information from the nucleus to other parts of the cell Think of microtubules as __________________. There are ____________________ that move along the microtubules to transport different items railroad tracks motor proteins
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Intermediate fibers provide a frame that anchors certain ___________ and ribosomes to a particular region of the cell By keeping these enzymes in one location, the cell can organize complex_______________ activities efficiently enzymes metabolic
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Chapter 3 The Cell Membrane selectively permeable water pasta
Section 2 Cell Features The Cell Membrane The cell membrane is a ____________ _________________ barrier that determines which substances enter and leave the cell. Think of a pasta strainer What does the strainer “select” for, or what passes through? What does not pass through? selectively permeable water pasta
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Chapter 3 phospholipids phosphate fatty acid Phosphate Group
Section 2 Cell Features The selective permeability of the cell is mainly caused by the way _____________________ interact with water. A phospholipid is a lipid made of a ____________ group and two ____________________ chains phospholipids phosphate fatty acid Phosphate Group Fatty acid chains
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head polar hydrophilic tails nonpolar hydrophobic
The phopshate group is commonly called the _______ and it is ____________ So it is ____________________ The fatty acid chains are commonly called ________ and they are _______________ So it is _________________ head polar hydrophilic tails nonpolar hydrophobic
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Summary Section 2 – pages 175-178
____________ is found inside and outside of the Cell so the tails must arrange themselves ______ from water Water away Plasma Membrane Water Summary Section 2 – pages
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Chapter 3 double bilayer inside outside Section 2 Cell Features
Cell membranes are made of a ____________ layer of phospholipids, called a ______________. The tails are on the ____________ and the heads are on the _______________ bilayer inside outside
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Chapter 3 large repelled Section 2 Cell Features
This arrangement prevents _____________ polar molecules from moving freely through a cell membrane because they are _________________ by nonpolar tails repelled
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Chapter 3 Section 2 Cell Features The cell membrane also contains various proteins, which are made up of _____________________ amino acids
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Chapter 3 nonpolar polar
Section 2 Cell Features As we learned in chapter 2, some amino acids are ________________ and some are _____________ polar nonpolar
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outside by the heads and water
In what section of the plasma membrane will the nonpolar part of a protein be located? Where will the polar part of a protein be located? Inside by the tails outside by the heads and water
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Types of Cell Proteins carbohydrate recognize bind
Marker proteins attach to a ___________________ chain to advertise cell type, such as liver cell or heart cell Receptor proteins ____________ and _________ to specific substances outside of the cell carbohydrate recognize bind
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embedded reactions large channel
Enzymes _____________ in the membrane are involved in important biochemical ____________ Transport proteins aid in the movement of ____________ substances into and out of the cell Acts like a ___________ or hallway reactions large channel
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Fluid Mosaic model mosaic rigid
The cell membrane contains many parts…like a _________________ It is also not _____________, it is fluid and moves mosaic rigid
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Cholesterol sticking break
____________________ molecules are also found throughout the cell membrane They prevent the nonpolar tails from __________ to each other Without cholesterol, the cell membrane could become rigid and ________________ sticking break
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Question 1 Which cell part do prokaryotes lack? DNA Plasma membrane
Nucleus Ribosomes
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Question 2 What are the long extensions in this picture called? flagella
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Question 3 Which part of the cytoskeleton can expand and contract?
microfilaments microtubules Intermediate fibers
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Question 4 Are the polar heads in a phopholipid on the inside or outside of the bilayer? outside
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Question 5 What type of cell membrane protein is in the picture?
Transport protein Receptor protein Enzyme Marker protein
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