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Meeting Diverse Student Needs in Urban Schools:
Research-Based Recommendations for School Personnel Presented by Gina Dimartino Alan A. Arroyo, Randy Rhoad, and Priscilla Drew Source: Preventing School Failure 43no Summ 1999
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Key Influences on Student Underachievement
Teacher Behavior Teacher Expectations Curriculum Relevance Class Size Disengagement from School-Related Activities Confidence in the Student’s Ability to Achieve High Mobility in School Attendance Parental Expectations and Involvement Level of Parents’ Education Poverty or Low Income
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Teacher Classroom Behavior
Get to know student Focus on the positive Believing in student Show respect ,support , & encouragement Caring, experienced teachers
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Teacher Expectations for Student Achievement of Realistic Standards
High expectations Call on students regularly & frequently Give time to answer Communicate capability Opportunity to achieve
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Curriculum Relevance to Students Personal Lives and Circumstances
Instruction is uninteresting & unchallenging Students view as dull, passive, and unimportant Group activities Relate to learner’s interests, experiences, and prior learning Connect real life to curriculum
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Class Size Smaller classes especially in early grades
20 students or less Schools within schools Cooperative learning
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Student Disengagement Behavior
Students are less motivated in learning process Positive effects of homework Involvement in school and community activities Community activities at school
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Lack of Student Confidence in Ability to Achieve
Confidence is highly predictive of academic performance Successful: hard work Unsuccessful: uncontrollable circumstances Teachers role
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Family Mobility Less time to establish academic routine
Less opportunity to develop relationships with teachers and peers Behind academically Intervention: one-to-one tutoring Isolation and disconnect from community Engage in extracurricular school activities
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Parental Expectations and Involvement
Parental support Parents’ attitude Parental expectation Parental involvement: Different levels School support of parent involvement
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Level of Parent Education
Parental education is positively related to level of achievement in children Schools: increase level of participation and raise expectations of students
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Poverty-Low Income Low income status: High drop out rate
Stress can affect child’s ability to perform Lack quiet, orderly places to study Parents not monitoring study time Malnourished, sleep deprived Preoccupied with stress from home
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Recommendations Caring, skilled, experienced teachers with high expectations Ongoing professional development to help teachers communicated with families of diverse cultures Make curriculum & instruction more interesting and meaningful Reorganize schools & classrooms into smaller units
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More Recommendations Homework and extracurricular activities
Increase students’ confidence & expectations Encourage positive connections for new students & parents Provide tutoring for mobile students Increase parental involvement: Training & development activities Improve parent skills through trainings & classes
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