1. Part 2
The Digestive System

2. Foods are physically broken down into smaller pieces.
Begins when you take your first bite of food
Your teeth are the first stage in mechanical digestion by chewing, chopping into smaller bits, separating parts, moving from one place to another, or mixing parts together.
Mechanical Digestion

3. Chemicals produced by the body break foods into smaller chemical building blocks.
Begins in the mouth
When food is changed chemically; when acids, bases, and enzymes work on the carbohydrates, proteins, and fats in your food and change it into smaller molecules and deliver nutrients to your cells.
Chemical Digestion

4. Absorption Occurs after food has been digested.
Process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood
Absorption

5. Nutrients and how they are regulated
Nutrients are moved through the small intestines and then dispersed to other major organs.
Nerve and hormone regulators control the process of digestion.
Nutrients and how they are regulated

6. How nutrients assist with other systems
The digestive system is connected to other systems.
Digestion  break down food for nutrients
Respiration  nutrients broken down into molecules and released to major organs
Circulation  molecules help blood flow, oxygen and energy dispersed throughout the body.
How nutrients assist with other systems

7. Nutrients Carbohydrates Provide energy for all body functions.
Are the easiest macronutrient to digest and leave the stomach most rapidly, followed by proteins than fats.
Start breaking down in the mouth
Breaks down into sugars which enters the blood stream and provides energy throughout body.
Nutrients

8. Nutrients Proteins Used for growth and repair of body tissues
Takes longer to digest but once smaller particles are in the liver one of 3 things happen
1. It converts to glucose,
2. It converts to fat or
3. It is directly released into the blood as amino acids.
Nutrients

9. Nutrients Vitamins help regulate body functions, build cells
Vitamins are absorbed mainly in the small intestine.
Fat is the transport for which the vitamins are delivered to the liver.
Nutrients

10. Mineral
Build cells, take part in chemical reactions, carry oxygen, and serve nerve impulses.
Intestinal absorption of minerals increases when the body is lacking the particular nutrient.
Nutrients

11. Fats
Store energy, help absorb some vitamins and cushion organs.
Major breakdown of fats happen mostly in the small intestine.
When foods with high lipid content enter the stomach, the hormone – gastric inhibitory peptide is released, slowing down movement flow out of the stomach.
This is why we feel full after eating high fat foods.
Nutrients

12. Water
Carries other substances, enables chemical reactions, removes waste products from cells.
Saliva, gastric secretions, bile, pancreatic acids and intestinal secretions take up approximately 7 liters of water, when combined with an intake of an average of 2 liters of water ingested, the body is processing approximately 9 liters of water daily.
72% is absorbed in the first half of the small intestine, 20% is absorbed in the lower half of the small intestine, and 6% is absorbed in the large intestine.
Nutrients