1. Chapter 11-Business and Technology

2. 11-1 Computer Systems COMPUTERS IN SOCIETY
Computers in business are used to store, process, and report information.
Nearly every business uses some type of computer.

3. A computer needs quick efficient processing to control operating costs, manage resources, and stay competitive.
Each day in banks, stores, offices, factories, homes, and nonprofit organizations the use of computer systems is expanding.

4. Elements of a Computer System
Computer systems- include an input device, processing unit, memory storage, and an output device
Hardware- physical elements of a computer system
Examples: keyboards, cameras, microphones, speakers, monitors, or printers

5. Hardware is constantly changing or expanding
Example: In the past only large computers could handle sound, graphics, animation, and video. Now this capability is common for computers in small businesses and homes.

6. Software- instructions that run the computer system
Businesses commonly use various types of software including: word processing, spreadsheet, communication, and presentation programs.

7. Computer Networks
Computer network- computers linked together so users can share hardware, software, and data
The Internet is the largest and best-known computer network in the world.
The Internet is often used for two activities:
The exchange of
For accessing the world wide web (WWW)
Allows computer users to access information on almost every topic.
Uses text, images, hyperlinks, graphics, frames, animation, video and audio

8. Intranet- local computer network; an organization’s private computer network
Smaller version of the Internet
Only members or employees can utilize an intranet.
Used to share information.
Saves time and money for companies.

9. Checkpoint>> List the four main elements of a computer system.1. 2. 3. 4.

10. INPUT AND PROCESSING Input: Getting Started
Data is entered into a computer system with a data device
Keyboard- common input device for letters and numbers
Mouse- used to point to commands or images on the screen

11. Other examples of input devices:
Touchpads built into laptops allow users to- point and click
Controllers and joysticks for video games allow you to direct the actions of the game
Touch screens allow your finger to contact the screen to enter data, give commands, or make selections
Light pens used to draw on a computer screen

12. Scanners translate words and images into computer-readable forms
Voice-activated systems allow words spoken into a microphone to be entered as data or translated into instructions or commands
Microphones and cameras allow input of audio and video

13. Processing: Making Things Happen
Processing- second major component of a computer system
Central processing unit (CPU)- control center of the computer
Known as the brain of the computer
The most common way to give instructions to a computer is through a program.

14. Program- series of detailed, step-by-step instructions that tell the computer what functions to complete
The most powerful computer programs are in formats that are difficult to understand.
Computer language- system of letters, words, numbers, and symbols used to communicate with the computer

15. The two main types of computer programs are operating system software and application software.
Operating system software- translates commands and allows application programs to interact with the computer’s hardware
Application software- programs that perform specific tasks

16. Application software
Word Processing- allows users to enter, store, revise, and print text
Desktop Publishing- word processing activities are expanded to produce newsletters, brochures, or charts
Database Software
Database- organized collection of information with data items related to one another in some way
Database marketing- software is used to maintain, analyze, and combine customer information files
Using a database increases the chances of reaching potential customers willing to buy a product

17. Spreadsheet- program that formats data in columns and rows in order to do calculations
Cell- location where a row and column intersect
Spreadsheets are used to prepare payroll records, financial statements, and budgets
What-if analysis- a manager might want to see the effect of different prices on profit. The worksheet automatically recalculates for each price
Presentation software- creates slide shows including text, data, photos, and other visuals

18. Checkpoint>>
What are common input devices?

19. MEMORY AND OUTPUT Memory and Storage: Saving for Later
The third component of a computer system is memory.
When in use, a program is stored in the computer’s memory
Internal (or primary) storage- memory within the computer

20. Memory Capacity Bit Smallest unit Nibble 4 bits; a half byte
Byte bits
Kilobyte ,024 bytes
Megabyte A million bytes
Gigabyte A billion bytes
Terabyte A thousand gigabytes

21. Primary storage cannot hold all of the programs and all of the data needed by computer users.
External storage- not part of the memory but is available for storing both programs and data
Examples of external storage include: CDs, DVDs, and flash drives

22. Output: Obtaining Results
The final component of a computer system is output.
Output devices present data in forms that can be retrieved later or communicated immediately

23. There are four common types of output:
Text output- includes processing results displayed on a computer monitor or in a printed report
Graphics output- which might include company logos, photos, drawings, scrolling messages, and animated graphics
Audio output- which involves music and broadcast clips as well as presentations
Video output- which may be in the form of training film, tv commercials, or news reports

24. Checkpoint>>
How do internal and external memory differ?

25. Assessment Questions
Complete the three assessment questions found on the last page of the packet.